NBST 515 Final Exam

Distinguishing characteristics of 1 Peter - Authorship: the apostle Peter Audience: regions of modern Turkey Dating: mid-60s at the latest Written to exiles and dispersed (possibly Gentiles) facing persecution and suffering Distinguishing characteristics of 2 Peter - Authorship: Simeon Peter Audience: Gentile believers? Writing is very similar to synoptic Gospels Dating: probably c. 65 AD Distinguishing characteristics of Jude - Authorship: Jude, servant of JC and brother of James. Author was familiar with Jewish literature Audience: addresses issues of apostates and false teachers in community Dating: most likely written 60s-80s Distinguishing characteristics of Hebrews - Authorship: We don't really know Audience: persecuted believers that were known by the author. Could be Jewish Christians in Rome. Dating: 60s-95 at the latest Genre: composed similarly to a sermon, but includes a greeting and benediction Distinguishing characteristics of James - Authorship: James, a slave of God and JC Potentially one of the earliest NT writings Style/Genre: epistle, homily, testimony, compilation, wisdom Audience: the twelve tribes of the Dispersion (most likely Jewish Christians in communities outside of Judea. Distinguishing characteristics of 1, 2, & 3 John - Authorship: linguistic and thematic similarities point to a single author. He remains nameless in the letters, but traditionally believed to be the apostle John Audience: we do not know. 1 John: possibly a circulatory letter. 2 John: sent to a specific church (the elect lady). 3 John: sent to a specific person (Gaius) Dating: c. 85-95AD Major issues with authorship of 1 Peter - Possibilities: (1) written through Sylvanus - amanuensis (2) Pseudigraphal - ethical? (3) Oral/disciple of Peter (4) mind of Peter developed theologically over 30-year period Author claims to be Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ. Amanuensis makes Petrine authorship more likely because of fine Greek prose through Sylvanus. Major issues with authorship of 2 Peter - Like the synoptics, there is similar/borrowed material between this book and Jude. Author claims to be Simeon Peter Major issues with authorship of Jude - Familiar with Jewish literature. Claims to be a servant of JC and brother to James Major issues with authorship of Hebrews - We do not truly know the author. P46 (early NT papyrus) includes it in Pauline corpus. Does not claim to be Paul: (1) style, vocal, and approach are different than Paul's (2) Greek is very polished (3) clustering together of Scripture Author's receipt of the Gospel is second hand. Educated and familiar with Greek philosophy and Hebrew Scriptures. Major issues with authorship of James - Could be a pseudonymous letter ("false," "name"). Some early scholars believed it was written by another person under the name of James. Initially disputed in the early church as to canonical status. Does not fit pseudonymous characteristics. Major issues with authorship of 1, 2 & 3 John - Author doesn't name himself, but there are many thematic connections with the Gospel of John. What is the different between expiation and propitiation as it relates to the atonement. - Jesus' sacrificial death, burial, and resurrection paid the atonement price for all of humanity's sin. His sacrifice satisfies God's justice and wrath for that sin (propitiation). His atonement also covered over the sin and restored the relationship between God and mankind (expiation).