Exam 1 New Testament (Honors) Dr. Crockett

απολογεομαι; απολογια - to defend; apology αναστασις - resurrection; to raise up ειδωλολατρεια - idolatry εκκλησια - church/gathering σταυροω - crucify (originally meant hammering a stake into a fence) διαθηκη - covenant; testament καισαρ - caesar εκατονταρχης - centurion αρχιερευς - Jewish chief priest αποστολος - apostle (someone sent on a mission, assignment or with a message; someone sent on a mission for the Christian Gospel Why did Romans allow the Jewish religion? - It predated the Roman empire. codex - =religious books. The Christian ones were sown papyrus and vellum. Jewish ones were in scrolls. How many books are in the New Testament? - 27 P 52 - earliest fragment of NT text, from the Gospel of John, found by Egyptologist Bernard Grenfell in 1920 Origin of Greek? - Unknown Where was Greek first found? - Mycenaean clay tablets (2500BC); oldest European language that's still used Greek Beginnings - music/performances (Iliad/Odyssey), festival and sympsoia (aristocratic drinking parties) Hellenism - Alexander the Great spread Greek language and culture after the defeat of the Persian empire (332BC) What city had the most Greek literature? - Alexandria Which Gospel writer was a 2nd generation Christian? - Luke Who wrote Hebrews? - Unknown (maybe Paul) Passion - The suffering and death of Jesus Who were Josephus and Tacitus? - Non-Christian historians who wrote about Jesus Who sacrificed a pig in the temple? - Antiochus IV Epiphanes (this ignited the revolt in 167 BC) Which Gospel says "new covenant" in the last supper? - Luke (the rest just say covenant) Who started the Red Letter Bible? - Louis Klopsch (German immigrant) When was the Red Letter Bible first published? - 1899 Which books are Paul's letters? - Rom, 1+2 Cor, Gal, Eph, Phil, Col, 1+2 Thess, 1+2 Tim, Ti, Phile What are the general/catholic letters? - Heb, Jam, 1+2 Pet, 1+2+3 Jn, Jude What does apoctalyptic mean? - now revealed What is a suzerain and vassal? - powerful and less powerful kings in a covenant In what order are the NT books written? Who organized them like that? - Gospels, Longest to shortest letters, Revelation; Jerome when he wrote the Vulgate Where were many NT manuscripts found? - Oxyrhynchus, Egypt Sepphoris - Town near Nazareth, home of the mosaic woman, capital of Galilee ossuary - a container or room into which the bones of dead people are placed Who was emperor when Jesus was born? - Caesar Augustus (Octavian) Who was emperor during Jesus' ministry and death? - Tiberius Which emperor sent away the Jews (incl. Priscilla and Aquila)? - Claudius What emperor changed the Roman Republic to an Imperial Empire? - Octavian When did Jesus die? - AD 30 When was the Greek domination? - 332 BC After Alexander died, what two sections were in control over Israel? - Ptolemies and Seleucids Who commissioned the Septuagint and when? - Ptolemy II Philadelphus in 250 BC When was the temple successfully rededicated after the Jewish revolt? - 164 BC - exactly 3 years after it was defiled Who led the Maccabean Revolt? - Judas Maccabeus, his father Mattathias, his brothers Jonathan and Simon What is the order of the Jewish dominations? - Assyrian, Babylonian, Persian, Greek, Hasmonean (Simon Maccabaeus), Roman Who constructed the second temple? - Antipater, Herod the Great's father When was the Jewish/Roman war? - AD 66-73 When was the temple partially destroyed and by whom? - AD 70 by Titus Who persecuted the Christians during John's exile? - Dominition 143 BC - Hasmonean dynasty (Jewish sovereignty) 67 BC - Roman takeover Herod Archelaus - Ethnarch of Judea, Samaria, so misruled his territory that he was recalled to Rome. His evil reputation caused Joseph and Mary to avoid Judea and settle in Nazareth. (4 BC- AD6) Herod Antipas - The Son of Herod the Great and ruler of Galilee. He had St. John the Baptist imprisoned and put to death for speaking out against his illicit relationship with the wife of his half-brother, Philip. Pontius Pilate, seeking to avoid controversy with the Jews, sent Jesus to Herod Antipas for judgment. After mocking Christ, however, Herod sent him back to Pilate, who condemned Jesus to death. Herod Philip - appointed tetrarch of the districts north and east of Galilee; governed justly; was well liked Herod Agrippa I - (AD 41-44) cross examined the guards by Jesus' tomb and killed them; he was also eaten by worms Herod Agrippa II - Was invited by Festus to attend Paul's trial Who was Jesus first taken to after His arrest? - Annas, the father of Caiaphas (both high priests) Who allowed the Jewish people to return home from Babylon? - Cyrus and Darius I Who allowed Ezra and Nehemiah to rebuild Jerusalem? - Artaxerxes Antiochus III - spread out the Jews Gallio - A proconsul of Achaia who dismissed charges against Paul by Corinthian Jews. Hasidim - A Hebrew word meaning "loyal ones." It refers to a group who supported the Maccabees in the military effort against Antiochus IV. They also were probably the core members of the later group known as the Essenes. 198 BC - Battle of Paneas. Judea transfers from Ptolemaic to Seleucid Greek rule.