Engaging Catholosism Midterm Exam

Canon - - an established set of principles or code of laws (A norm or rule of faith) set forth by a religion Covenant - A solemn agreement between human beings or between God and a human being in which mutual commitments are made (ex: The Abrahamic Covenant where God promises Abraham a land, descendants and blessing) pentateuch - A Greek word meaning "five books," referring to the first five books of the Old Testament torah - the first 5 books of the Hebrew Bible (the pentateuch) - the most sacred writings in the Jewish tradition The book of Exodus - - second book of the torah/pentateuch - Talks about Israel's slavery in Egypt - God confronting the Pharaoh through Moses - The departure of the Israelites from Egypt and rebelion - covenant at Sinai masada - - Ancient fortification in the Southern District of Israel situated on top of an isolated rock plateau, akin to a mesa. - It is located on the eastern edge of the Judaean Desert, overlooking the Dead Sea - At the end of the First Jewish-Roman War, a group of Jews was held under siege on Masada by Roman soldiers. Rather than surrender, the Jews eventually took their own lives. nazareth - - where Jesus grew up - city in Israel four source theory - - The relationship between the three Gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke - Matthew = Mark + Q + M(unique to Matthew) - Luke = Mark + Q + L(unique to Luke) apocalyptic - - prophetic; pertaining to revelations especially of disaster; N. apocalypse - eschatological views and movements that focus on cryptic revelations about a sudden, dramatic, and cataclysmic intervention of God in history apocrypha - biblical or related writings not part of the accepted canon of Scripture Q source/"Q" - - A hypothetical written collection of primarily Jesus' sayings. - Part of material found in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke - Material drawn from the early Church's oral gospel traditions septuagint - - greek version of the Hebrew Bible (or Old Testament) - includes the Apocrypha synoptic - to see with one eye (Luke, Mathew, and Mark's gospels are all kind of intertwined together) zealot - - a Jewish sect - Judea Province of the Roman Empire - 1st century CE - sought to expel Romans from the holy land by violent means - wanted to sought to incite the people of Judea Province to rebel pharisees - - Jewish sect - Strict adherence to the law - Believed in resurrection - Well known legal experts sadducees - - A group of powerful and often wealthy Jews who were connected to the Temple priests - disagreed with the Pharisees - tended to have good relations with the Roman rulers of Palestine - represented the conservative view within Judaism. essens - - Group of Judeans who believed that society had become corrupt - Withdrew into the desert - produced the Dead Sea scrolls - A potential member was possibly St. John the Baptist. - separated into those who believed and didn't believe in marriage - Their community was hierarchical, structured, and disciplined. John the Baptist - - A cousin of Jesus, older by six months - His baptizing and preaching in the wilderness prepared the way for Jesus - Ascetic Jewish prophet - known as the forerunner of Jesus - Preached about God's Final Judgment and baptized repentant followers in preparation for it - Jesus was among the recipients of his rite of baptism Sanhedrin - - Jewish religious leaders (chief priests, rabbis, scribes, elders) - Supreme council and tribunal during tie of christ - Various political, religious, and judicial backgrounds Qumran - - An ancient Essene monastery on the northwestern shore of the Dead Sea - Near it were the ancient Dead Sea scrolls - essenes lived here? am 'ha 'aretz - - hebrew term meaning "people of the land" - referring to the common, uneducated masses, who were looked down on by the upper levels of society Herod Antipas - - The Son of Herod the Great and ruler of Galilee - Had St. John the Baptist imprisoned and put to death for speaking out against his illicit relationship with the wife of his half-brother, Philip - Pontius Pilate, seeking to avoid controversy with the Jews, sent Jesus to Herod Antipas for judgment. After mocking Christ, however, Herod sent him back to Pilate, who condemned Jesus to death Gospel of Thomas - - 2nd c. (Gnostic) Gospel - not included in the canonical Christian Bible - collects sayings attributed to Jesus, some similar, some strikingly different. Aramaic - The language Jesus spoke Galilee - - A large region north of Samaria at the time of Jesus - According to the Bible, the Galilee was where Jesus felt at home - Where John the Baptist baptized Jesus, where Jesus walked on water, fed masses with loaves of bread and fish Flavius Josephus - - He said Jesus appeared alive again after 3 days of dying - Jewish general who led the revolt of the Jews against the Romans and then wrote a history of those events - A court historian of Emperor Vespasian Sepphoris - - One of the two major Greek cities in Galilee, just four miles from Jesus' hometown of Nazareth - Scholars debate whether Jesus was influenced by the culture of Sepphoris or if, indeed, he ever went there Pontius Pilate - Roman Governer who sentenced Jesus to death Basilea tou theou - - Greek words meaning "Kingdom of God" - The coming of the kingdom of is central to the teaching and healing ministry of Christ parable - - a simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson, as told by Jesus in the Gospels exemplary story - presents an implied comparison between an event (real or imagined) drawn from life and a reality of the moral or religious order similitude - - briefly narrates a typical or recurrent event from real life - tells a story which everyone would recognize as a familiar experience, making its message have a greater effect on the hearer pope John XXIII - - pope who called Vatican II - wrote the encyclical "pacem in terris" (peace on earth) that condemned modern/nuclear warfare - dealt with the stigma around the jewish population during WWII - declared Nostra Aetate - supported agornamento (or bringing things up to date) Cardinal Bea - - Cardinal who led the "progressive" movement that wished to open the Church up more, especially in relations with Protestant and non- Christians - Enforced catholics coming together to create change because their population is so great aggiornamento - - bringing up to date - The spirit of updating the Church that Pope John XXIII wanted for Vatican Council II