HESI Pharmacology Exam Study Guide 2024

A client with giardiasis is taking metronidazole (Flagyl) 2 grams PO. Which information should the nurse include in the client's instruction? - Take the medication with food. A client is receiving metoprolol (Lopressor SR). What assessment is most important for the nurse to obtain? - Blood pressure. A client with a dysrhythmia is to receive procainamide (Pronestyl) in 4 divided doses over the next 24 hours. What dosing schedule is best for the nurse to implement? - q6h. Which instruction(s) should the nurse give to a female client who just received a prescription for oral metronidazole (Flagyl) for treatment of trichomonas vaginalis? (Select all that apply.) - Increase fluid intake, especially cranberry juice. Avoid drinking alcohol while taking this medication. Use condoms until treatment is completed. Ensure that all sexual partners are treated at the same time. An adult client is given a prescription for a scopolamine patch (Transderm Scop) to prevent motion sickness while on a cruise. Which information should the nurse provide to the client? - Apply the patch at least 4 hours prior to departure. Which client should the nurse identify as being at highest risk for complications during the use of an opioid analgesic? - A young adult with inflammatory bowel disease. A client who has been prescribed atorvastatin (Lipitor) one month ago calls the triage nurse at the clinic complaining of muscle pain and weakness in his legs. Which statement reflects the correct drug-specific teaching the nurse should provide to this client? - Make an appointment to see the healthcare provider because muscle pain may be an indication of a serious side effect A client is being treated for hyperthyroidism with propylthiouracil (PTU). The nurse knows that the action of this drug is to - inhibit synthesis of T3 and T4 by the thyroid gland. Which change in data indicates to the nurse that the desired effect of the angiotensin II receptor antagonist valsartan (Diovan) has been achieved? - Blood pressure reduced from 160/90 to 130/80. A client has a continuous IV infusion of dopamine (Intropin) and an IV of normal saline at 50 ml/hour. The nurse notes that the client's urinary output has been 20 ml/hour for the last two hours. Which intervention should the nurse initiate? - Notify the healthcare provider of the urinary output. A 43-year-old female client is receiving thyroid replacement hormone following a thyroidectomy. What adverse effects associated with thyroid hormone toxicity should the nurse instruct the client to report promptly to the healthcare provider? - Tachycardia and chest pain. Following heparin treatment for a pulmonary embolism, a client is being discharged with a prescription for warfarin (Coumadin). In conducting discharge teaching, the nurse advises the client to have which diagnostic test monitored regularly after discharge? - Prothrombin Time (PT/INR). An antacid (Maalox) is prescribed for a client with peptic ulcer disease. The nurse knows that the purpose of this medication is to - maintain a gastric pH of 3.5 or above. Upon admission to the emergency center, an adult client with acute status asthmaticus is prescribed this series of medications. In which order should the nurse administer the prescribed medications? (Arrange from first to last.) 1) Prednisone (Deltasone) orally. 2) Gentamicin (Garamycin) IM. 3) Albuterol (Proventil) puffs. 4) Salmeterol (Serevent Diskus). - Albuterol (Proventil) puffs. Salmeterol (Serevent Diskus). Prednisone (Deltasone) orally. Gentamicin (Garamycin) IM. The nitrate isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil) is prescribed for a client with angina. Which instruction should the nurse include in this client's discharge teaching plan? - Do not get up quickly. Always rise slowly. The nurse is assessing the effectiveness of high dose aspirin therapy for an 88- year-old client with arthritis. The client reports that she can't hear the nurse's questions because her ears are ringing. What action should the nurse implement? - Notify the healthcare provider of this finding immediately. A client with congestive heart failure (CHF) is being discharged with a new prescription for the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor captopril (Capoten). The nurse's discharge instruction should include reporting which problem to the healthcare provider? - Dizziness. A client receiving Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) intravenously (IV) complains of pain at the insertion site, and the nurse notes edema at the site. Which intervention is most important for the nurse to implement? - Discontinue the IV fluids. The nurse is preparing the 0900 dose of losartan (Cozaar), an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), for a client with hypertension and heart failure. The nurse reviews the client's laboratory results and notes that the client's serum potassium level is 5.9 mEq/L. What action should the nurse take first? - Withhold the scheduled dose. A client who has been taking levodopa PO TID to control the symptoms of Parkinson's disease has a new prescription for sustained release levodopa/carbidopa (Sinemet 25/100) PO BID. The client took his levodopa at 0800. Which instruction should the nurse include in the teaching plan for this client? - You can begin taking the Sinemet this evening, but do not take any more levodopa. The nurse is assessing a client who is experiencing anaphylaxis from an insect sting. Which prescription should the nurse prepare to administer this client? - Epinephrine. A client with coronary artery disease who is taking digoxin (Lanoxin) receives a new prescription for atorvastatin (Lipitor). Two weeks after initiation of the Lipitor prescription, the nurse assesses the client. Which finding requires the most immediate intervention? - Vomiting. Which nursing diagnosis is important to include in the plan of care for a client receiving the angiotensin-2 receptor antagonist irbesartan (Avapro)? - Risk for injury. A medication that is classified as a beta-1 agonist is most commonly prescribed for a client with which condition? - Heart failure. A client's dose of isosorbide dinitrate (Imdur) is increased from 40 mg to 60 mg PO daily. When the client reports the onset of a headache prior to the next scheduled dose, which action should the nurse implement? - Administer the 60 mg dose of Imdur and a PRN dose of acetaminophen (Tylenol). A peak and trough level must be drawn for a client receiving antibiotic therapy. What is the optimum time for the nurse to obtain the trough level? - Immediately before the next antibiotic dose is given. A female client with rheumatoid arthritis take ibuprofen (Motrin) 600 mg PO 4 times a day. To prevent gastrointestinal bleeding, misoprostol (Cytotec) 100 mcg PO is prescribed. Which information is most important for the nurse to include in client teaching? - Use contraception during intercourse. The healthcare provider prescribes naloxone (Narcan) for a client in the emergency room. Which assessment data would indicate that the naloxone has been effective? The client's - respiratory rate is 16 breaths/minute. A client is receiving clonidine (Catapres) 0.1 mg/24hr via transdermal patch. Which assessment finding indicates that the desired effect of the medication has been achieved? - Blood pressure has changed from 180/120 to 140/70.