Norm Rad 1 Final Questions and Answers
1. Minimal diagnostic series for thoracic spine:: AP and lateral
2. What plane is a lateral x-ray in?: Sagittal
3. What plane is an AP x-ray in?: Coronal
4. What vertebrae are included in an AP thoracic x-ray?: C7-T1 to T-12-L1
5. What vertebrae are included in an lateral thoracic x-ray?: C7-T1 to T-12-L1
6. What can be used to assess for rotation in an AP thoracic x-ray?: - Tracheal air shadow
- Clavicles
7. Which was does the tracheal air shadow tend to deviate on a AP thoracic x-ray?: To the right
(due to aortic arch)
8. What should happen to the lateral vertebral body margins in the thoracic spine as you
descend?: Gets larger/wider
9. What is the gold standard for assessing curvatures of the spine on AP x-ray?: Cobb angle
method
10.What is the process of using the cobb angle method to assess curva- tures?: 1. Draw line
parallel to superior endplate of cephalic vertebrae
2. Draw line parallel to inferior endplate of caudad vertebrae
3. Draw perpendicular lines to the endplate lines and measure the resultant angle
11.If the cobb angle is less than 10 degrees, what does that indicate?: Con- vexity/Curvature
12.If the cobb angle is greater than 10 degrees, what does that indicate?: Sco- liosis
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, Norm Rad 1 Final Questions and Answers
13.What is levoscoliosis?: Left-sided convexity
14.What is dextroscoliosis?: Right-sided scoliosis
15.What are causes of scoliosis?: - Idiopathic
- Congenital
16.When is the greatest change in convexity likely to occur?: Skeletally imma- ture patients
(kids/adolescents)
17.What is the management for scoliosis between 0-20 degrees?: Adjusting, exercises
18.What is the management for scoliosis between 20-40 degrees?: Bracing
19.What is the management for scoliosis greater than 40 degrees?: Referral
20.How do you pick the end vertebra for the cobb angle method?: Pick verte- bral bodies on either
side of the apex, most tilted toward one another
21.What is the apex vertebrae in scoliosis?: Vertebral body/IVD space with the greatest amount
of rotation or deviation from the "center" of the spine
22.What direction are apex vertebrae endplates typically?: Horizontal
23.When taking an x-ray on someone with scoliosis, which side goes against the image receptor?:
Side of convexity ("Shoot into the cave")
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1. Minimal diagnostic series for thoracic spine:: AP and lateral
2. What plane is a lateral x-ray in?: Sagittal
3. What plane is an AP x-ray in?: Coronal
4. What vertebrae are included in an AP thoracic x-ray?: C7-T1 to T-12-L1
5. What vertebrae are included in an lateral thoracic x-ray?: C7-T1 to T-12-L1
6. What can be used to assess for rotation in an AP thoracic x-ray?: - Tracheal air shadow
- Clavicles
7. Which was does the tracheal air shadow tend to deviate on a AP thoracic x-ray?: To the right
(due to aortic arch)
8. What should happen to the lateral vertebral body margins in the thoracic spine as you
descend?: Gets larger/wider
9. What is the gold standard for assessing curvatures of the spine on AP x-ray?: Cobb angle
method
10.What is the process of using the cobb angle method to assess curva- tures?: 1. Draw line
parallel to superior endplate of cephalic vertebrae
2. Draw line parallel to inferior endplate of caudad vertebrae
3. Draw perpendicular lines to the endplate lines and measure the resultant angle
11.If the cobb angle is less than 10 degrees, what does that indicate?: Con- vexity/Curvature
12.If the cobb angle is greater than 10 degrees, what does that indicate?: Sco- liosis
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, Norm Rad 1 Final Questions and Answers
13.What is levoscoliosis?: Left-sided convexity
14.What is dextroscoliosis?: Right-sided scoliosis
15.What are causes of scoliosis?: - Idiopathic
- Congenital
16.When is the greatest change in convexity likely to occur?: Skeletally imma- ture patients
(kids/adolescents)
17.What is the management for scoliosis between 0-20 degrees?: Adjusting, exercises
18.What is the management for scoliosis between 20-40 degrees?: Bracing
19.What is the management for scoliosis greater than 40 degrees?: Referral
20.How do you pick the end vertebra for the cobb angle method?: Pick verte- bral bodies on either
side of the apex, most tilted toward one another
21.What is the apex vertebrae in scoliosis?: Vertebral body/IVD space with the greatest amount
of rotation or deviation from the "center" of the spine
22.What direction are apex vertebrae endplates typically?: Horizontal
23.When taking an x-ray on someone with scoliosis, which side goes against the image receptor?:
Side of convexity ("Shoot into the cave")
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