RNSG 1125 Final Exam Questions With Complete Solutions
Activities used to implement EBP. Correct Answer · Research
o Experimental - examine cause-and-effect relationships
between variables under highly controlled conditions
o often conducted in a laboratory setting
o Quasi-Experimental - examine cause-and-effect relationships
between selected variables
o often conducted in clinical settings to examine the effects of
nursing interventions on patient outcomes
o Non-experimental
Descriptive
Correlational
o Qualitative
- method of research conducted to gain insight by discovering
meanings
- the idea that reality is based on perceptions, which differ for
each person and change over time
Phenomenology
o The purpose of phenomenology (both a philosophy and a
research method) is to describe experiences as they are lived by
the subjects being studied. Analysis of data provides information
about the meaning of the experience within each person's own
reality (e.g., the experience of health or of having a heart attack).
Grounded Theory
,o The basis of grounded theory methodology is the discovery of
how people describe their own reality and how their beliefs are
related to their actions in a social scene. The findings are
grounded in the data from subjects and are used to formulate
concepts and to generate a theory of the experience, supported
by examples from the data (e.g., coping with a seriously ill
child).
Ethnography
o Developed by the discipline of anthropology, ethnographic
research is used to examine issues of a culture that are of interest
to nursing.
Historical
o Historical research examines events of the past to increase
understanding of the nursing profession today. Many historical
studies focus on nursing leaders, but there is increasing interest
in the historical patterns of nursing practice.
· Non-Research
o Organizational experience
- Quality Improvement
- Financial Data
o Clinical Expertise
o Patient Preferenc
ANA Code of Ethics - Principles and Negative Consequences
Correct Answer · Autonomy - self-determination; being
independent and self-governing
o Respect the rights of patients or their surrogates to make
health care decisions
,· Nonmaleficence - principle of avoiding evil
o Avoid causing harm.
· Beneficence - principles of doing good
o Benefit the patient, and balance benefits against risks and
harms.
· Justice - process that distributes benefits, risks, and costs fairly
o Give each his or her due; act fairly.
· Fidelity - keeping promises and commitments made to others
o Keep promises.
· Additional Principles
o Veracity - conformity to facts; accuracy
§ Habitual truthfulness
o Accountability - being responsible for one's actions
o Privacy, confidentiality - being apart from others; seclusion;
secrecy
§ The patient's rights and expectations that personal health
information is shared only between professionals who need it to
manage the patient
Negative Consequences:
Litigation/malpractice
Conflict
Moral distress
Substandard/Negligent Care
Discipline/ loss of license
Assessment/Data collection Correct Answer · Objective -
observable, measurable. Can be obtained via the 5 senses (sight,
touch, taste, smell, hearing) by someone other than the person
experiencing them (IE: healthcare staff)
, · Subjective - Information derived from the person experiencing
it
o Pain is what the PT says it is
PQRST - mnemonic
P - Provocation - What caused/causes the pain?
Q - Quality - descriptors of pain (IE: sharp, throbbing, dull,
radiating, etc)
R - Region - where is it located? Is it local or diffuse?
S - Severity - Pain scales can be used to evaluate
T - Timing - Certain times of day? Before bed? After waking
up?
· Problems With Data Collection
o Inappropriate organization of database
o Omission of pertinent data
o Inclusion of irrelevant or duplicate data
o Erroneous or misinterpreted data
o Failure to establish rapport and partnership
o Recording an interpretation of data rather than actual factual
observations
o Failure to update database
· Proper Documentation
o Immediately give verbal report when critical change is
assessed
o Enter in database or record on appropriate paper forms on
same day of PT admittance
o Summarize data in concise, comprehensive, and easily
retrievable manner
o Use good grammar and standard medical abbreviations
o Use direct PT quotes whenever possible
Activities used to implement EBP. Correct Answer · Research
o Experimental - examine cause-and-effect relationships
between variables under highly controlled conditions
o often conducted in a laboratory setting
o Quasi-Experimental - examine cause-and-effect relationships
between selected variables
o often conducted in clinical settings to examine the effects of
nursing interventions on patient outcomes
o Non-experimental
Descriptive
Correlational
o Qualitative
- method of research conducted to gain insight by discovering
meanings
- the idea that reality is based on perceptions, which differ for
each person and change over time
Phenomenology
o The purpose of phenomenology (both a philosophy and a
research method) is to describe experiences as they are lived by
the subjects being studied. Analysis of data provides information
about the meaning of the experience within each person's own
reality (e.g., the experience of health or of having a heart attack).
Grounded Theory
,o The basis of grounded theory methodology is the discovery of
how people describe their own reality and how their beliefs are
related to their actions in a social scene. The findings are
grounded in the data from subjects and are used to formulate
concepts and to generate a theory of the experience, supported
by examples from the data (e.g., coping with a seriously ill
child).
Ethnography
o Developed by the discipline of anthropology, ethnographic
research is used to examine issues of a culture that are of interest
to nursing.
Historical
o Historical research examines events of the past to increase
understanding of the nursing profession today. Many historical
studies focus on nursing leaders, but there is increasing interest
in the historical patterns of nursing practice.
· Non-Research
o Organizational experience
- Quality Improvement
- Financial Data
o Clinical Expertise
o Patient Preferenc
ANA Code of Ethics - Principles and Negative Consequences
Correct Answer · Autonomy - self-determination; being
independent and self-governing
o Respect the rights of patients or their surrogates to make
health care decisions
,· Nonmaleficence - principle of avoiding evil
o Avoid causing harm.
· Beneficence - principles of doing good
o Benefit the patient, and balance benefits against risks and
harms.
· Justice - process that distributes benefits, risks, and costs fairly
o Give each his or her due; act fairly.
· Fidelity - keeping promises and commitments made to others
o Keep promises.
· Additional Principles
o Veracity - conformity to facts; accuracy
§ Habitual truthfulness
o Accountability - being responsible for one's actions
o Privacy, confidentiality - being apart from others; seclusion;
secrecy
§ The patient's rights and expectations that personal health
information is shared only between professionals who need it to
manage the patient
Negative Consequences:
Litigation/malpractice
Conflict
Moral distress
Substandard/Negligent Care
Discipline/ loss of license
Assessment/Data collection Correct Answer · Objective -
observable, measurable. Can be obtained via the 5 senses (sight,
touch, taste, smell, hearing) by someone other than the person
experiencing them (IE: healthcare staff)
, · Subjective - Information derived from the person experiencing
it
o Pain is what the PT says it is
PQRST - mnemonic
P - Provocation - What caused/causes the pain?
Q - Quality - descriptors of pain (IE: sharp, throbbing, dull,
radiating, etc)
R - Region - where is it located? Is it local or diffuse?
S - Severity - Pain scales can be used to evaluate
T - Timing - Certain times of day? Before bed? After waking
up?
· Problems With Data Collection
o Inappropriate organization of database
o Omission of pertinent data
o Inclusion of irrelevant or duplicate data
o Erroneous or misinterpreted data
o Failure to establish rapport and partnership
o Recording an interpretation of data rather than actual factual
observations
o Failure to update database
· Proper Documentation
o Immediately give verbal report when critical change is
assessed
o Enter in database or record on appropriate paper forms on
same day of PT admittance
o Summarize data in concise, comprehensive, and easily
retrievable manner
o Use good grammar and standard medical abbreviations
o Use direct PT quotes whenever possible
