ETS major field test in biology Questions and Correct Answers the Latest Update

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ETS major field test in biology
Questions and Correct Answers the
Latest Update
Pyrimidine dimers formed in DNA due to UV radiation can be repaired by?




SOS repair

Double strand break repair

Mismatch repair

Photoreactivation repair (nucleotide excision repair)

Base excision repair

✓ Photoreactivation repair (nucleotide excision repair)



Which of the following repair mechanisms uses methyl groups to distinguish

between parental and daughter strands?




Answers:

Mismatch repair

Photoreactivation repair (Nucleotide excision repair)

SOS repair

Double strand break repair

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Base excision repair

✓ Mismatch repair



Which of the following types of molecules is always found in virions?

Answers:

Protein

RNA

Lipid

DNA

Carbohydrate

✓ Protein



A Barr body found within the female mammalian cell's nucleus is an example of

___

Answers:

Euchromatin

Polytene chromosome

Pseudogenes

Heterochromatin

Cistron



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✓ Heterochromatin



In vertebrate genes, transcription regulatory regions that contain CpG islands

are inactivated by which CpG modification?

Answers:

Methylation

Ubiquitination

Acetylation

Phosphorylation

Myristoylation

✓ Methylation



TATA-binding protein (TBP) is a key transcription factor in eukaryotes. A

schematic representation of the 240-amino acid TBP of yeast is shown in Fig. 1

below, with the positions of 2 mutations indicated. The boxed area represents

the evolutionarily conserved C-terminal domain of TBP, and the shaded (dark)

regions of this domain represent two repeated elements involved in DNA

binding. One mutation (P65S) changes proline 65 to serine and the other I143N

changes isoleucine 143 to asparagine. Fig. 2 below represents autoradiographs of

gels containing RNA transcripts produced in extracts of wild type or mutant

cells. Lanes 1-2 are from wild-type yeast (WT), lanes 3-4 are from the I143N

mutant and lanes 5-6 are from P65S mutant, as indicated. Fig. 2A shows

transcripts of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase I (Pol I). Fig. 2B shows

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transcripts of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II (Pol II). Fig. 2C shows

transcripts

✓ Whether mutant transcription phenotypes are due to perturbation of TBP function.



A set of genes from Bacillus subtilis that encode the proteins required for

sporulation have conserved DNA sequences -35 and -10 nucleotides before the

site of transcript initiation. However, the sequence at -35 is different from that

seen in most other genes from that species. Which of the following best explains

this difference?

Answers:

Transcription of these genes is induced by cAMP

Translation of the mRNAs transcribed from these genes requires specific

ribosomes that recognize a modified Shine-Dalgarno sequence

A novel sigma factor is required for transcription initiation at these genes

The -35 sequence is the binding site for a repressor of transcription

The replication of these genes requires a specifically modified DNA polymerase.

✓ A novel sigma factor is required for transcription initiation at these genes



Which of the following repair mechanisms is often mutagenic?

Answers:

Mismatch repair

Photoreactivation repair (Nucleotide excision repair)

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