ASWB BACHELORS EXAM 2024/2025
When should self determination be limited? - ANSWER Only in situations where it
would cause harm to a client or others.
Jean Piaget - ANSWER Developmental psychologist best known for his theory of
cognitive development. Theory states that children learn through interaction in the
environment.
Nature vs nurture - ANSWER Whether cognitive development is mainly determined
by a clients innate qualities (nature), or by his personal experiences (nurture). Many
experts avoid this question today.
Social development on micro level - ANSWER Learning how to behave and interact
well with others. Relies on managing feelings.
Social development on a macro level - ANSWER Commitment that development
processes need to benefit people. Recognizes the way people interact in groups and
society.
Social development - ANSWER Change in social institutions.
Spiritual growth and development stages - ANSWER -Unwilling to accept a will
greater than their own.
-Blind faith in authority figures, world is divided into good and evil.
-Scientific skepticism and questioning.
-Enjoys mystery and beauty of existence.
Bio psychosocial-spiritual-cultural challenges older people are faced with - ANSWER
Health and physical abilities, accessing affordable-high quality health care,
decreased economic security, increased vulnerability to abuse and exploitation, and
loss of meaningful roles.
Health care issues with adults 80+ - ANSWER Communication: Encourage to
express feelings, stay positive
Health: monitor closely, promote self care, ensure nutrition, stress, and activity levels
Safety:ensure safe living
Development - ANSWER Product of the elaborate interplay of biological,
psychological, spiritual, and social influences
John Bowlby - ANSWER Originated Attachment Theory.
Attachment: defined by Bowlby - ANSWER A lasting psychological connectedness
that can be understood within an evolutionary context in which a caregiver provides
safety and security to a child. Child is pre-programmed to create attachments.
, Monotropy - ANSWER One primary attachment figure. Acts as a secure base for
exploring the world.
Learned behavior attachment - ANSWER Child will form an attachment to whoever
feeds it. Child finds comfort in food, through classical conditioning, finds comfort in
feeder. Child uses operant conditioning to get what it wants.
Stranger anxiety - ANSWER Crying when an unfamiliar person tries to hold child,
begins between 5-9 months. Intensifies at age 1, stops around age 2.
Separation anxiety - ANSWER Beings 6-8 months, peaks at 14-18 months,
resolved by 24-36 months. Upset when caregiver leaves sight.
Separation anxiety disorder - ANSWER Characterized by excessive worrying about
being away from caregiver. Occurs in later childhood.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs - ANSWER Clients are motivated to meet certain
needs, when one is filled they seek the next one. (physiological, safety, social,
esteem, self-actualization)
Physiological needs - ANSWER Maintain the physical organism. Biological needs
such as food/water/oxygen/ temperature.
Safety needs - ANSWER Need to feel safe from harm/danger/threat.
Social needs - ANSWER Friendship, intimacy, affection, and love are needed.
Esteem needs - ANSWER Need of a stable, firmly based level of self respect and
respect from others.
Self-actualization - ANSWER Ongoing process of need to be oneself, act
consistently with whom one is.
Humanistic approach - ANSWER clients have the capacity to grow, change, and
adapt.
Strength - ANSWER Any ability that helps and individual to confront and deal with a
stressful life situation and to grow from it.
Strengths perspective - ANSWER Focuses on understanding clients on the basis of
their strengths and resources and mobilizing the resources to improve their
situations.
Defense mechanisms - ANSWER Behaviors that protect people from anxiety.
Automatic, involuntary, usually unconscious psychological activities to exclude
unacceptable thoughts, urges, threats, and impulses form awareness for fear of
disapproval, punishment, or other negative outcomes. (NOT coping mechanisms-
voluntary)
When should self determination be limited? - ANSWER Only in situations where it
would cause harm to a client or others.
Jean Piaget - ANSWER Developmental psychologist best known for his theory of
cognitive development. Theory states that children learn through interaction in the
environment.
Nature vs nurture - ANSWER Whether cognitive development is mainly determined
by a clients innate qualities (nature), or by his personal experiences (nurture). Many
experts avoid this question today.
Social development on micro level - ANSWER Learning how to behave and interact
well with others. Relies on managing feelings.
Social development on a macro level - ANSWER Commitment that development
processes need to benefit people. Recognizes the way people interact in groups and
society.
Social development - ANSWER Change in social institutions.
Spiritual growth and development stages - ANSWER -Unwilling to accept a will
greater than their own.
-Blind faith in authority figures, world is divided into good and evil.
-Scientific skepticism and questioning.
-Enjoys mystery and beauty of existence.
Bio psychosocial-spiritual-cultural challenges older people are faced with - ANSWER
Health and physical abilities, accessing affordable-high quality health care,
decreased economic security, increased vulnerability to abuse and exploitation, and
loss of meaningful roles.
Health care issues with adults 80+ - ANSWER Communication: Encourage to
express feelings, stay positive
Health: monitor closely, promote self care, ensure nutrition, stress, and activity levels
Safety:ensure safe living
Development - ANSWER Product of the elaborate interplay of biological,
psychological, spiritual, and social influences
John Bowlby - ANSWER Originated Attachment Theory.
Attachment: defined by Bowlby - ANSWER A lasting psychological connectedness
that can be understood within an evolutionary context in which a caregiver provides
safety and security to a child. Child is pre-programmed to create attachments.
, Monotropy - ANSWER One primary attachment figure. Acts as a secure base for
exploring the world.
Learned behavior attachment - ANSWER Child will form an attachment to whoever
feeds it. Child finds comfort in food, through classical conditioning, finds comfort in
feeder. Child uses operant conditioning to get what it wants.
Stranger anxiety - ANSWER Crying when an unfamiliar person tries to hold child,
begins between 5-9 months. Intensifies at age 1, stops around age 2.
Separation anxiety - ANSWER Beings 6-8 months, peaks at 14-18 months,
resolved by 24-36 months. Upset when caregiver leaves sight.
Separation anxiety disorder - ANSWER Characterized by excessive worrying about
being away from caregiver. Occurs in later childhood.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs - ANSWER Clients are motivated to meet certain
needs, when one is filled they seek the next one. (physiological, safety, social,
esteem, self-actualization)
Physiological needs - ANSWER Maintain the physical organism. Biological needs
such as food/water/oxygen/ temperature.
Safety needs - ANSWER Need to feel safe from harm/danger/threat.
Social needs - ANSWER Friendship, intimacy, affection, and love are needed.
Esteem needs - ANSWER Need of a stable, firmly based level of self respect and
respect from others.
Self-actualization - ANSWER Ongoing process of need to be oneself, act
consistently with whom one is.
Humanistic approach - ANSWER clients have the capacity to grow, change, and
adapt.
Strength - ANSWER Any ability that helps and individual to confront and deal with a
stressful life situation and to grow from it.
Strengths perspective - ANSWER Focuses on understanding clients on the basis of
their strengths and resources and mobilizing the resources to improve their
situations.
Defense mechanisms - ANSWER Behaviors that protect people from anxiety.
Automatic, involuntary, usually unconscious psychological activities to exclude
unacceptable thoughts, urges, threats, and impulses form awareness for fear of
disapproval, punishment, or other negative outcomes. (NOT coping mechanisms-
voluntary)
