WGU Applied Healthcare Statistics
Module 5
When one variable causes change in another, we call the first variable the
___________________ variable*.
The affected variable is called the _______________ variable*. (CORRECT
ANSWER)When one variable causes change in another, we call the first variable the
explanatory variable*.
The affected variable is called the response variable*.
In a randomized experiment, the researcher manipulates values of the explanatory
variable and measures the resulting changes in the response variable. The different
values of the explanatory variable are called treatments. An experimental unit is a
single object or individual to be measured.
A two-way table, also known as a two-way frequency table or contingency table, is
used to show the relationship between two ______________________variables (
C→C ); the rows show the categories of one variable, and the columns show the
categories of the other variable. (CORRECT ANSWER)categorical variables ( C→C
)
______________________. These represent the total number of instances that fall
in both the corresponding row and header.
The data in the green cells show _______________________________. These are
equal to the sum of the number of individuals in the corresponding row or column.
(CORRECT ANSWER)The cells in yellow show joint frequencies*. These represent
the total number of instances that fall in both the corresponding row and header.
For example, data in the "Male" row and "With Autism" column counts the number of
males with autism.
The data in the green cells show marginal frequencies*. These are equal to the sum
of the number of individuals in the corresponding row or column. For example, data
in the "Totals" column and "Female" row shows the total number of females in the
study. It may be helpful to remember that marginal frequencies appear in the
margins of the table.
The bottom, right cell (in both the "Totals" column and the "Totals" row) measures
the total number of individuals in the study.
The relationship between two variables that are both quantitative can be displayed in
a __________________________. (CORRECT ANSWER)scatterplot;
As we've seen earlier, every point on a coordinate plane can be represented by an
ordered pair*, ( x , y ). Here, the x -value is typically the
, _________________variable's value for a piece of data, and the y -value is the
corresponding value for the ________________________variable. A simple way to
remember this fact is that the term "explanatory" has an " x " in it. (CORRECT
ANSWER)explanatory variable; response variable
Side-by-side box plots are a good choice for two-variable data where the explanatory
variable is ____________ data and the response variable is ____________ data.
(CORRECT ANSWER)Categorical
Quantitative
Which variable, explanatory or response, is displayed on the x -axis on side-by-side
boxplots? (CORRECT ANSWER)Side-by-side boxplots can be horizontal or vertical,
so either variable (explanatory or response) can be displayed on the x -axis.
A scatterplot is a good choice to display two-variable data that are both __________
variables. (CORRECT ANSWER)Quantitative
The relationship between the x -variable and the y -variable is called
_____________. (CORRECT ANSWER)Correlation
What determines the location of a dot on a scatterplot? (CORRECT ANSWER)A dot
is placed on a scatterplot according to its
x - and y -value.
When analyzing a possible relationship for two-variable data, if both variables are
categorical, what is the most appropriate choice to display the data?
a) Side-by-side boxplots
b) Scatterplot
c) Bar chart
d) Two-way frequency table
e) Histogram (CORRECT ANSWER)Answer: D
A two-way frequency table is the most appropriate way to graphically display a
possible relationship for two-variable data, when both variables are categorical.
A hospital hires an independent consulting firm to perform a study about patients
with high blood pressure, and the medicine they are being prescribed. The study is
examining the relationship between a patient's starting blood pressure when they
entered the treatment program and the dosage of blood pressure medicine they are
prescribed during their treatment. For this study:
What is the explanatory variable? Is the explanatory variable categorical or
quantitative?
What is the response variable? Is it categorical or quantitative?
Module 5
When one variable causes change in another, we call the first variable the
___________________ variable*.
The affected variable is called the _______________ variable*. (CORRECT
ANSWER)When one variable causes change in another, we call the first variable the
explanatory variable*.
The affected variable is called the response variable*.
In a randomized experiment, the researcher manipulates values of the explanatory
variable and measures the resulting changes in the response variable. The different
values of the explanatory variable are called treatments. An experimental unit is a
single object or individual to be measured.
A two-way table, also known as a two-way frequency table or contingency table, is
used to show the relationship between two ______________________variables (
C→C ); the rows show the categories of one variable, and the columns show the
categories of the other variable. (CORRECT ANSWER)categorical variables ( C→C
)
______________________. These represent the total number of instances that fall
in both the corresponding row and header.
The data in the green cells show _______________________________. These are
equal to the sum of the number of individuals in the corresponding row or column.
(CORRECT ANSWER)The cells in yellow show joint frequencies*. These represent
the total number of instances that fall in both the corresponding row and header.
For example, data in the "Male" row and "With Autism" column counts the number of
males with autism.
The data in the green cells show marginal frequencies*. These are equal to the sum
of the number of individuals in the corresponding row or column. For example, data
in the "Totals" column and "Female" row shows the total number of females in the
study. It may be helpful to remember that marginal frequencies appear in the
margins of the table.
The bottom, right cell (in both the "Totals" column and the "Totals" row) measures
the total number of individuals in the study.
The relationship between two variables that are both quantitative can be displayed in
a __________________________. (CORRECT ANSWER)scatterplot;
As we've seen earlier, every point on a coordinate plane can be represented by an
ordered pair*, ( x , y ). Here, the x -value is typically the
, _________________variable's value for a piece of data, and the y -value is the
corresponding value for the ________________________variable. A simple way to
remember this fact is that the term "explanatory" has an " x " in it. (CORRECT
ANSWER)explanatory variable; response variable
Side-by-side box plots are a good choice for two-variable data where the explanatory
variable is ____________ data and the response variable is ____________ data.
(CORRECT ANSWER)Categorical
Quantitative
Which variable, explanatory or response, is displayed on the x -axis on side-by-side
boxplots? (CORRECT ANSWER)Side-by-side boxplots can be horizontal or vertical,
so either variable (explanatory or response) can be displayed on the x -axis.
A scatterplot is a good choice to display two-variable data that are both __________
variables. (CORRECT ANSWER)Quantitative
The relationship between the x -variable and the y -variable is called
_____________. (CORRECT ANSWER)Correlation
What determines the location of a dot on a scatterplot? (CORRECT ANSWER)A dot
is placed on a scatterplot according to its
x - and y -value.
When analyzing a possible relationship for two-variable data, if both variables are
categorical, what is the most appropriate choice to display the data?
a) Side-by-side boxplots
b) Scatterplot
c) Bar chart
d) Two-way frequency table
e) Histogram (CORRECT ANSWER)Answer: D
A two-way frequency table is the most appropriate way to graphically display a
possible relationship for two-variable data, when both variables are categorical.
A hospital hires an independent consulting firm to perform a study about patients
with high blood pressure, and the medicine they are being prescribed. The study is
examining the relationship between a patient's starting blood pressure when they
entered the treatment program and the dosage of blood pressure medicine they are
prescribed during their treatment. For this study:
What is the explanatory variable? Is the explanatory variable categorical or
quantitative?
What is the response variable? Is it categorical or quantitative?
