Biology H GRADE A Q&A
Central Dogma - (correct answer)theory that states that, in cells, information only flows
from DNA to RNA to proteins
Transcription - (correct answer)(genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA
sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA
mRNA (messenger RNA) - (correct answer)The form of RNA which is created as a
blueprint from DNA; carries instructions for making a protein
peptide bond - (correct answer)The chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl
group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid
Polypeptide - (correct answer)long chain of amino acids that makes proteins
tRNA - (correct answer)transfer RNA; type of RNA that carries amino acids to the
ribosome
Translation - (correct answer)Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is
produced
Codon - (correct answer)three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a
single amino acid
Anticodon - (correct answer)a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic
code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in
messenger RNA.
RNA polymerase - (correct answer)Enzyme similar to DNA polymerase that binds to
DNA and separates the DNA strands during transcription
, protein synthesis - (correct answer)the formation of proteins by using information
contained in DNA and carried by mRNA
Ribosome - (correct answer)Cytoplasmic organelles at which proteins are synthesized.
Uracil - (correct answer)Nitrogen base that pairs with adenine in RNA.
genetic code - (correct answer)collection of codons of mRNA, each of which directs the
incorporation of a particular amino acid into a protein during protein synthesis
start codon - (correct answer)AUG (methionine)
Phenotype - (correct answer)An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
Haploid - (correct answer)having a single set of unpaired chromosomes
Diploid - (correct answer)(genetics) an organism or cell having two sets of
chromosomes or twice the haploid number
Mitosis - (correct answer)cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing
the same number of chromosomes
Meosis - (correct answer)a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each
with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes
and plant spores.
Prophase - (correct answer)first and longest phase of mitosis in which the genetic
material inside the nucleus condenses and the chromosomes become visible
Central Dogma - (correct answer)theory that states that, in cells, information only flows
from DNA to RNA to proteins
Transcription - (correct answer)(genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA
sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA
mRNA (messenger RNA) - (correct answer)The form of RNA which is created as a
blueprint from DNA; carries instructions for making a protein
peptide bond - (correct answer)The chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl
group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid
Polypeptide - (correct answer)long chain of amino acids that makes proteins
tRNA - (correct answer)transfer RNA; type of RNA that carries amino acids to the
ribosome
Translation - (correct answer)Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is
produced
Codon - (correct answer)three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a
single amino acid
Anticodon - (correct answer)a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic
code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in
messenger RNA.
RNA polymerase - (correct answer)Enzyme similar to DNA polymerase that binds to
DNA and separates the DNA strands during transcription
, protein synthesis - (correct answer)the formation of proteins by using information
contained in DNA and carried by mRNA
Ribosome - (correct answer)Cytoplasmic organelles at which proteins are synthesized.
Uracil - (correct answer)Nitrogen base that pairs with adenine in RNA.
genetic code - (correct answer)collection of codons of mRNA, each of which directs the
incorporation of a particular amino acid into a protein during protein synthesis
start codon - (correct answer)AUG (methionine)
Phenotype - (correct answer)An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
Haploid - (correct answer)having a single set of unpaired chromosomes
Diploid - (correct answer)(genetics) an organism or cell having two sets of
chromosomes or twice the haploid number
Mitosis - (correct answer)cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing
the same number of chromosomes
Meosis - (correct answer)a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each
with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes
and plant spores.
Prophase - (correct answer)first and longest phase of mitosis in which the genetic
material inside the nucleus condenses and the chromosomes become visible
