HESI NUTRITION EXAM 2024 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE
120 QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS
(100% CORRECT ANSWERS) BRAND NEW!! /ALREADY
GRADED A+
The parents of a 6-year-old child with celiac disease tell the school nurse that their
child becomes dejected because she is not able to eat snack foods like the rest of her
class and friends. What snack can the nurse recommend that is safe for the child to
eat - ANSWER: tortilla chips
Products composed of corn, rice, and millet do not contain gluten and are permitted
on a low-gluten diet; tortilla chips are made from corn flour. Pretzels contain wheat
flour, which is not permitted on a low-gluten diet; products containing rye, oats, and
barley are also restricted. Oatmeal cookies contain oats, which are not permitted on
a low-gluten diet. Peanut butter crackers contain wheat flour, which is not permitted
on a low-gluten diet.
A pathology report states that a client's urinary calculus is composed of uric acid.
Which food item should the nurse instruct the client to avoid? - ANSWER: liver
Uric acid stones are controlled by a low-purine diet. Foods high in
purine, such as organ meats and extracts, should be avoided. Milk
should be avoided with calcium, not uric acid, stones. Cheese or animal
protein should be avoided with cystine, not uric acid, stones. Vegetables
do not have to be avoided.
The nurse is teaching a class about nutrition to a group of adolescents. Taking into
consideration the prevalence of overweight teenagers, what is the best
recommendation the nurse can make? - ANSWER: decrease fast food
Eating a variety of healthful foods instead of a fast-food diet that is high in fat and
carbohydrates helps decrease excess weight and increase energy with which to
engage in physical activities. Joining a gym is expensive and unnecessary. Physical
activity can be achieved in the schoolyard or at home. A multivitamin will not
promote weight loss. Vitamins and minerals are best obtained in a balanced diet.
Diet soft drinks do not contribute to obesity.
A client describes abdominal discomfort following ingestion of milk. Which enzyme,
as a result of a genetic deficiency, should the nurse consider to be the cause of the
client's discomfort? - ANSWER: lactase
Milk and milk products are not tolerated well because they contain lactose, a sugar
that is converted to galactose by lactase. Sucrase assists in the digestion of sucrose,
which is not a milk sugar. Maltase assists in the digestion of maltose, which is not a
milk sugar. Amylase assists in the digestion of starch, which is not a milk sugar
A client presents to the emergency department with weakness and dizziness. The
blood pressure is 90/60 mm Hg, pulse is 92 and weak, and body weight reflects a 3-
,pound (1.4 kilogram) loss in two days. The weather has been hot. Which condition
should the nurse conclude is the priority for this client? - ANSWER: deficient fluid
volume
The low blood pressure indicates hypovolemia, the increased pulse is an attempt to
maintain adequate oxygenation of tissues, and the rapid weight loss reflects loss of
body fluid. Although impaired skin integrity is a concern with dehydration, it is not
the priority. The rapid weight loss reflects a loss of fluid, not a loss of body tissue.
Although the client may need assistance with activities, an inadequate intake of fluid
has caused the client's dehydration, which is a serious medical problem that needs
to be treated immediately.
The nurse is caring for a client 4 days after the client was admitted to the hospital
with burns on the trunk and arms. The nurse collaborates with the dietician to
develop a dietary plan for the following day. Which plan will the nurse follow? -
ANSWER: High caloric intake, liberal potassium intake, and 3 g protein/kg/day
A high-calorie diet is needed for the increased metabolic rate associated with burns;
the administration of potassium prevents hypokalemia, which can occur after the
first 48 to 72 hours when potassium moves from the extracellular compartment into
the intracellular compartment; protein promotes tissue repair. High caloric intake,
restricted potassium intake, and 1 g protein/kg/day do not meet the body's needs
for tissue repair; the protein and potassium are too limited. Moderate caloric intake,
liberal potassium intake, and 3 g protein/kg/day do not meet the body's needs for
tissue repair; the calories are too limited. Moderate caloric intake, restricted
potassium intake, and 1 g protein/kg/day do not meet the body's needs for tissue
repair; the calories, potassium, and protein are too limited.
A primary healthcare provider prescribes a low-sodium, high-potassium diet for a
client with Cushing syndrome. Which explanation should the nurse provide to the
client about the need to follow this diet? - ANSWER: Excessive aldosterone and
cortisone cause retention of sodium and loss of potassium."
Clients with Cushing syndrome must limit their intake of salt and increase their
intake of potassium. The kidneys are retaining sodium and excreting potassium. An
excessive secretion of adrenocortical hormones in Cushing syndrome, not increased
or high sodium intake, is the problem. Although sodium retention causes fluid
retention and weight gain, the need for increased potassium also must be
considered. Because of steroid therapy, excess sodium may be retained, although
potassium may be excreted.
he nurse understands that research demonstrates that malnutrition occurs in as
many as 50% of hospitalized clients. The nurse should assess a postoperative client
with anorexia for what sign of malnutrition? - ANSWER: Delayed wound healing
Delayed wound healing often is caused by a lack of nutrients, such as protein and
vitamin C, in the diet. Dependent edema usually occurs with severe protein
deficiency and heart failure. Spoon-shaped nails usually occur with iron deficiency
anemia. Loose, decayed teeth usually indicate prolonged malnutrition.
, The nurse finds that an adolescent has episodes of binge eating followed by self-
induced vomiting and strenuous exercise. Which condition is the adolescent likely to
have? - ANSWER: Bulimia
Bulimia is a disorder characterized by repeated episodes of binge eating followed by
inappropriate compensatory behavior, such as self-induced vomiting and/or
strenuous exercise. Anorexia is an eating disorder characterized by low body weight.
Orthorexia is a disorder in which the individual avoids certain foods, believing them
to be harmful. Binge behavior is consumption of large amounts of foods in a brief
time but without the subsequent compensatory behavior.
While awaiting surgery, a client with a long history of Crohn disease is receiving total
parenteral nutrition (TPN) on an outpatient basis. The nurse teaches the client that
TPN helps to prepare for surgery by which process? - ANSWER: decreasing fecal bulk
By decreasing fecal bulk and bowel stimulation, TPN provides rest for the bowel
while the client awaits surgery. TPN does not prevent a bowel infection. TPN does
not stimulate gastrointestinal secretions. TPN promotes positive nitrogen balance.
The nurse is providing care to an infant who is diagnosed with cystic fibrosis (CF).
Which parental statement indicates the need for further education related to the
potential for poor growth? - ANSWER: My child will have a poor appetite, which will
lead to poor growth.
Pediatric clients who are diagnosed with CF experience poor growth despite a
healthy appetite and diet; therefore, the parental statement indicates that the
infant's poor appetite will lead to poor growth indicates the need for further
education. Pediatric clients diagnosed with CF experience poor growth due to
delayed bone growth, increased oxygen demands, and a decreased ability to absorb
nutrients.
nurse is caring for a client with heart failure. The healthcare provider prescribes a 2-
gram sodium diet. What should the nurse include when explaining how a low-salt
diet helps achieve a therapeutic outcome? - ANSWER: Allows excess tissue fluid to
be excreted
A decreased concentration of extracellular sodium causes a decrease in the release
of antidiuretic hormone (ADH); this leads to increased excretion of urine. Sodium
restriction does not control the volume of food intake; weight is controlled by a low-
calorie diet and exercise (if permitted). The resulting elimination of excess fluid
reduces the workload of the heart but does not improve contractility. Potassium is
retained inefficiently by the body; an adequate intake of potassium is needed.
The nurse assesses a client for the development of pernicious anemia after reviewing
the client's history. Which condition did the nurse most likely find in the history? -
ANSWER: gastrectomy
Removal of the fundus of the stomach (gastrectomy) destroys the parietal cells that
secrete intrinsic factor (needed to combine with vitamin B12 preliminary to its
absorption in the ileum). Hemorrhaging may cause anemia; however, pernicious
anemia occurs when the intrinsic factor is not produced. The beta cells of the
120 QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS
(100% CORRECT ANSWERS) BRAND NEW!! /ALREADY
GRADED A+
The parents of a 6-year-old child with celiac disease tell the school nurse that their
child becomes dejected because she is not able to eat snack foods like the rest of her
class and friends. What snack can the nurse recommend that is safe for the child to
eat - ANSWER: tortilla chips
Products composed of corn, rice, and millet do not contain gluten and are permitted
on a low-gluten diet; tortilla chips are made from corn flour. Pretzels contain wheat
flour, which is not permitted on a low-gluten diet; products containing rye, oats, and
barley are also restricted. Oatmeal cookies contain oats, which are not permitted on
a low-gluten diet. Peanut butter crackers contain wheat flour, which is not permitted
on a low-gluten diet.
A pathology report states that a client's urinary calculus is composed of uric acid.
Which food item should the nurse instruct the client to avoid? - ANSWER: liver
Uric acid stones are controlled by a low-purine diet. Foods high in
purine, such as organ meats and extracts, should be avoided. Milk
should be avoided with calcium, not uric acid, stones. Cheese or animal
protein should be avoided with cystine, not uric acid, stones. Vegetables
do not have to be avoided.
The nurse is teaching a class about nutrition to a group of adolescents. Taking into
consideration the prevalence of overweight teenagers, what is the best
recommendation the nurse can make? - ANSWER: decrease fast food
Eating a variety of healthful foods instead of a fast-food diet that is high in fat and
carbohydrates helps decrease excess weight and increase energy with which to
engage in physical activities. Joining a gym is expensive and unnecessary. Physical
activity can be achieved in the schoolyard or at home. A multivitamin will not
promote weight loss. Vitamins and minerals are best obtained in a balanced diet.
Diet soft drinks do not contribute to obesity.
A client describes abdominal discomfort following ingestion of milk. Which enzyme,
as a result of a genetic deficiency, should the nurse consider to be the cause of the
client's discomfort? - ANSWER: lactase
Milk and milk products are not tolerated well because they contain lactose, a sugar
that is converted to galactose by lactase. Sucrase assists in the digestion of sucrose,
which is not a milk sugar. Maltase assists in the digestion of maltose, which is not a
milk sugar. Amylase assists in the digestion of starch, which is not a milk sugar
A client presents to the emergency department with weakness and dizziness. The
blood pressure is 90/60 mm Hg, pulse is 92 and weak, and body weight reflects a 3-
,pound (1.4 kilogram) loss in two days. The weather has been hot. Which condition
should the nurse conclude is the priority for this client? - ANSWER: deficient fluid
volume
The low blood pressure indicates hypovolemia, the increased pulse is an attempt to
maintain adequate oxygenation of tissues, and the rapid weight loss reflects loss of
body fluid. Although impaired skin integrity is a concern with dehydration, it is not
the priority. The rapid weight loss reflects a loss of fluid, not a loss of body tissue.
Although the client may need assistance with activities, an inadequate intake of fluid
has caused the client's dehydration, which is a serious medical problem that needs
to be treated immediately.
The nurse is caring for a client 4 days after the client was admitted to the hospital
with burns on the trunk and arms. The nurse collaborates with the dietician to
develop a dietary plan for the following day. Which plan will the nurse follow? -
ANSWER: High caloric intake, liberal potassium intake, and 3 g protein/kg/day
A high-calorie diet is needed for the increased metabolic rate associated with burns;
the administration of potassium prevents hypokalemia, which can occur after the
first 48 to 72 hours when potassium moves from the extracellular compartment into
the intracellular compartment; protein promotes tissue repair. High caloric intake,
restricted potassium intake, and 1 g protein/kg/day do not meet the body's needs
for tissue repair; the protein and potassium are too limited. Moderate caloric intake,
liberal potassium intake, and 3 g protein/kg/day do not meet the body's needs for
tissue repair; the calories are too limited. Moderate caloric intake, restricted
potassium intake, and 1 g protein/kg/day do not meet the body's needs for tissue
repair; the calories, potassium, and protein are too limited.
A primary healthcare provider prescribes a low-sodium, high-potassium diet for a
client with Cushing syndrome. Which explanation should the nurse provide to the
client about the need to follow this diet? - ANSWER: Excessive aldosterone and
cortisone cause retention of sodium and loss of potassium."
Clients with Cushing syndrome must limit their intake of salt and increase their
intake of potassium. The kidneys are retaining sodium and excreting potassium. An
excessive secretion of adrenocortical hormones in Cushing syndrome, not increased
or high sodium intake, is the problem. Although sodium retention causes fluid
retention and weight gain, the need for increased potassium also must be
considered. Because of steroid therapy, excess sodium may be retained, although
potassium may be excreted.
he nurse understands that research demonstrates that malnutrition occurs in as
many as 50% of hospitalized clients. The nurse should assess a postoperative client
with anorexia for what sign of malnutrition? - ANSWER: Delayed wound healing
Delayed wound healing often is caused by a lack of nutrients, such as protein and
vitamin C, in the diet. Dependent edema usually occurs with severe protein
deficiency and heart failure. Spoon-shaped nails usually occur with iron deficiency
anemia. Loose, decayed teeth usually indicate prolonged malnutrition.
, The nurse finds that an adolescent has episodes of binge eating followed by self-
induced vomiting and strenuous exercise. Which condition is the adolescent likely to
have? - ANSWER: Bulimia
Bulimia is a disorder characterized by repeated episodes of binge eating followed by
inappropriate compensatory behavior, such as self-induced vomiting and/or
strenuous exercise. Anorexia is an eating disorder characterized by low body weight.
Orthorexia is a disorder in which the individual avoids certain foods, believing them
to be harmful. Binge behavior is consumption of large amounts of foods in a brief
time but without the subsequent compensatory behavior.
While awaiting surgery, a client with a long history of Crohn disease is receiving total
parenteral nutrition (TPN) on an outpatient basis. The nurse teaches the client that
TPN helps to prepare for surgery by which process? - ANSWER: decreasing fecal bulk
By decreasing fecal bulk and bowel stimulation, TPN provides rest for the bowel
while the client awaits surgery. TPN does not prevent a bowel infection. TPN does
not stimulate gastrointestinal secretions. TPN promotes positive nitrogen balance.
The nurse is providing care to an infant who is diagnosed with cystic fibrosis (CF).
Which parental statement indicates the need for further education related to the
potential for poor growth? - ANSWER: My child will have a poor appetite, which will
lead to poor growth.
Pediatric clients who are diagnosed with CF experience poor growth despite a
healthy appetite and diet; therefore, the parental statement indicates that the
infant's poor appetite will lead to poor growth indicates the need for further
education. Pediatric clients diagnosed with CF experience poor growth due to
delayed bone growth, increased oxygen demands, and a decreased ability to absorb
nutrients.
nurse is caring for a client with heart failure. The healthcare provider prescribes a 2-
gram sodium diet. What should the nurse include when explaining how a low-salt
diet helps achieve a therapeutic outcome? - ANSWER: Allows excess tissue fluid to
be excreted
A decreased concentration of extracellular sodium causes a decrease in the release
of antidiuretic hormone (ADH); this leads to increased excretion of urine. Sodium
restriction does not control the volume of food intake; weight is controlled by a low-
calorie diet and exercise (if permitted). The resulting elimination of excess fluid
reduces the workload of the heart but does not improve contractility. Potassium is
retained inefficiently by the body; an adequate intake of potassium is needed.
The nurse assesses a client for the development of pernicious anemia after reviewing
the client's history. Which condition did the nurse most likely find in the history? -
ANSWER: gastrectomy
Removal of the fundus of the stomach (gastrectomy) destroys the parietal cells that
secrete intrinsic factor (needed to combine with vitamin B12 preliminary to its
absorption in the ileum). Hemorrhaging may cause anemia; however, pernicious
anemia occurs when the intrinsic factor is not produced. The beta cells of the
