A-level Law Revision
Notes: Paper 1 & 2
Summaries
• Paper 1 & 2 = Criminal Law & Law of Tort
• Revision materials (Pricey’s Connect 4)
• In-depth Theory behind all the content
• Revision Checklist
, Criminal Law & Law of Tort Conte
Criminal Law & Law of Tort: topics + content
Foundations of Criminal Law:
• Actus reus
• Mens rea
• ommissions
• Causation
Nonfatal Offences
• Assault
• Battery
• S47
• S20
• S18
Fatal Offences
• Murder
• Loss of control
• Diminished responsibility
• Gross negligence manslaughter
• Unlawful Act Manslaughter
Tort and negligence (Law of Tort)
• Duty of care
• Breach of duty
• Damages
, Revision Checklist - Fill in
Causation
YOURSELF!
Revised?
Yes / No?
Case’s Revised?
Yes / No?
assault Yes / No? Yes / No?
battery Yes / No? Yes / No?
s47 Yes / No? Yes / No?
s20 Yes / No? Yes / No?
s18 Yes / No? Yes / No?
murder Yes / No? Yes / No?
Loss of control Yes / No? Yes / No?
Diminished responsibility Yes / No? Yes / No?
Gross negligence manslaughter Yes / No? Yes / No?
Unlawful Act Manslaughter Yes / No? Yes / No?
Duty of Care Yes / No? Yes / No?
Breach of duty Yes / No? Yes / No?
damages Yes / No? Yes / No?
Occupiers' liability 1957 Yes / No? Yes / No?
Occupiers' liability 1984 Yes / No? Yes / No?
Tort and nuisance Yes / No? Yes / No?
Vicarious liability Yes / No? Yes / No?
Theft Yes / No? Yes / No?
Robbery Yes / No? Yes / No?
insanity Yes / No? Yes / No?
automatism Yes / No? Yes / No?
intoxication Yes / No? Yes / No?
Self defence Yes / No? Yes / No?
Duress of threats Yes / No? Yes / No?
Duress of circumstances Yes / No? Yes / No?
attempts Yes / No? Yes / No?
, Pricey’s Connect 4 (Case Law Revis
What is Priceys Connect 4?
Technique)
•Priceys Connect 4 is a fun and quick (takes 2min) way to revise case law (per sheet is 1
•Pricey was an old teacher of mine who I can successful hold my A* and my passion to
law at university to him (Thank you Pricey)!
How to Do a Pricey Connect 4?
•You will need to print of a 4by4 grid.
•You then choose 4 topics (e.g., murder, Loss of control, Assault & s20) from which you
select 4 cases!
•You then will randomly fill the cases into the sheet and pass your sheet to another (ot
person will do the same)
•Then both you and the other individual will try to establish the 4 topics and establish
cases fall within the topic!
•Bonus points if you can then write in the principle of each case!!!!
Note:
Below I will attach a demonstration of a filled-out connect 4:
On the next page, I have created a Connect 4 Sheet which you can print off!!!
,Pricey’s Connect 4
, Before you start: Burden of Proo
It is important to know the burden of proof for Criminal & Civil Law:
Criminal Law:
• Criminal law follows the principle that everyone is innocent until proven guilty. This means the burden of proof is on
prosecution, who tries to prove the defendant guilty. In criminal law, the standard of proof required is beyond reaso
doubt; this is so there is a low chance they can prosecute innocent individuals.
• However, there is an exception in diminished responsibility, where the burden of proof is on the defence and must b
on the balance of probabilities. This is because if the Defendant is suffering from a recognised medical condition wh
impaired their ability to act rationally, it is almost impossible for the prosecution to prove that the individual wasn’t
from a medical condition, and thus, the majority of individuals who committed murder would plead diminished resp
So, it has been changed to the defence on the balance of probabilities. It would be overly harsh (in most people's op
convict individuals with a medical condition of murder, which carries the sentence of a mandatory life sentence.
Civil Law:
• the burden of proof in civil law is on the claimant or the party filing the lawsuit. The claimant
prove their case against the defendant on the balance of probabilities, which means convincin
jury that their claims are more likely to be true than not, it doesn’t have to be by a massive d
for example, the judge could think that the claimant's claim is 51% likely whilst the defendan
49% and thus the defendant would be liable!
Notes: Paper 1 & 2
Summaries
• Paper 1 & 2 = Criminal Law & Law of Tort
• Revision materials (Pricey’s Connect 4)
• In-depth Theory behind all the content
• Revision Checklist
, Criminal Law & Law of Tort Conte
Criminal Law & Law of Tort: topics + content
Foundations of Criminal Law:
• Actus reus
• Mens rea
• ommissions
• Causation
Nonfatal Offences
• Assault
• Battery
• S47
• S20
• S18
Fatal Offences
• Murder
• Loss of control
• Diminished responsibility
• Gross negligence manslaughter
• Unlawful Act Manslaughter
Tort and negligence (Law of Tort)
• Duty of care
• Breach of duty
• Damages
, Revision Checklist - Fill in
Causation
YOURSELF!
Revised?
Yes / No?
Case’s Revised?
Yes / No?
assault Yes / No? Yes / No?
battery Yes / No? Yes / No?
s47 Yes / No? Yes / No?
s20 Yes / No? Yes / No?
s18 Yes / No? Yes / No?
murder Yes / No? Yes / No?
Loss of control Yes / No? Yes / No?
Diminished responsibility Yes / No? Yes / No?
Gross negligence manslaughter Yes / No? Yes / No?
Unlawful Act Manslaughter Yes / No? Yes / No?
Duty of Care Yes / No? Yes / No?
Breach of duty Yes / No? Yes / No?
damages Yes / No? Yes / No?
Occupiers' liability 1957 Yes / No? Yes / No?
Occupiers' liability 1984 Yes / No? Yes / No?
Tort and nuisance Yes / No? Yes / No?
Vicarious liability Yes / No? Yes / No?
Theft Yes / No? Yes / No?
Robbery Yes / No? Yes / No?
insanity Yes / No? Yes / No?
automatism Yes / No? Yes / No?
intoxication Yes / No? Yes / No?
Self defence Yes / No? Yes / No?
Duress of threats Yes / No? Yes / No?
Duress of circumstances Yes / No? Yes / No?
attempts Yes / No? Yes / No?
, Pricey’s Connect 4 (Case Law Revis
What is Priceys Connect 4?
Technique)
•Priceys Connect 4 is a fun and quick (takes 2min) way to revise case law (per sheet is 1
•Pricey was an old teacher of mine who I can successful hold my A* and my passion to
law at university to him (Thank you Pricey)!
How to Do a Pricey Connect 4?
•You will need to print of a 4by4 grid.
•You then choose 4 topics (e.g., murder, Loss of control, Assault & s20) from which you
select 4 cases!
•You then will randomly fill the cases into the sheet and pass your sheet to another (ot
person will do the same)
•Then both you and the other individual will try to establish the 4 topics and establish
cases fall within the topic!
•Bonus points if you can then write in the principle of each case!!!!
Note:
Below I will attach a demonstration of a filled-out connect 4:
On the next page, I have created a Connect 4 Sheet which you can print off!!!
,Pricey’s Connect 4
, Before you start: Burden of Proo
It is important to know the burden of proof for Criminal & Civil Law:
Criminal Law:
• Criminal law follows the principle that everyone is innocent until proven guilty. This means the burden of proof is on
prosecution, who tries to prove the defendant guilty. In criminal law, the standard of proof required is beyond reaso
doubt; this is so there is a low chance they can prosecute innocent individuals.
• However, there is an exception in diminished responsibility, where the burden of proof is on the defence and must b
on the balance of probabilities. This is because if the Defendant is suffering from a recognised medical condition wh
impaired their ability to act rationally, it is almost impossible for the prosecution to prove that the individual wasn’t
from a medical condition, and thus, the majority of individuals who committed murder would plead diminished resp
So, it has been changed to the defence on the balance of probabilities. It would be overly harsh (in most people's op
convict individuals with a medical condition of murder, which carries the sentence of a mandatory life sentence.
Civil Law:
• the burden of proof in civil law is on the claimant or the party filing the lawsuit. The claimant
prove their case against the defendant on the balance of probabilities, which means convincin
jury that their claims are more likely to be true than not, it doesn’t have to be by a massive d
for example, the judge could think that the claimant's claim is 51% likely whilst the defendan
49% and thus the defendant would be liable!
