Physiology & Anatomy Exam 2
2024/2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Describe rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum in terms of form and function
(CORRECT ANSWER)ROUGH- has attached ribosomes, usually connected with
nuclear membrane, ribosomes placed here, packages proteins and sends them to
golgi.
SMOOTH- has no attached ribosomes, makes lipuds & steriods, detoxifies harmful
material or waste products. Found in liver cells and glands that make hormones.
Importance of water to living organisms (CORRECT ANSWER)3/4 of the earths
surface is covered by water, 60% of living tissue is made up by water, covalently
bonded, polar molecule
Levels of protein organization and bonds involved in each (CORRECT ANSWER)-
Primary - simply long chain of amino acids (PEPTIDE BONDS)
-Secondary - alpha helix or beta pleated sheet forms from double bonded left over
oxygen. (HYDROGEN BONDS)
-Tertiary- highly 3D shape (INTERACTIONS BETWEEN R GROUPS)
-quaternary- 2 or more tertiary molecules
(IONIC BONDS) ex ) collagen & hemoglobin
define osmosis describing how temperature is a factor and why and how molecules
move. (CORRECT ANSWER)-osmosis is the movement of water across a
selectively permeable membrane going from a high to low concentration until water
reaches equilibrium.
- as the temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the water molecules also
increases.
active transport (CORRECT ANSWER)-Energy-requiring process
-moves material across a cell membrane against concentration gradient.
-carrier protein needed
examples) ions, sugars, amino acids, nucleotides
facilitated diffusion (passive transport) (CORRECT ANSWER)-movement of
molecules across a membrane with concentration gradient
-embedded carrier proteins act as channels
-no energy required
examples ) large or charged particles such as : sugars, amino acids, ions and
nucleotides.
steps of Dna replication and enzymes involved (CORRECT ANSWER)-enzyme dna
helicase unzips dna strand
-enzyme dna polymerase positions and joins new nucleotides
-enzyme dna ligase fixes any breaks in the sugar phosphate backbone
give role of Dna in production of protein (CORRECT ANSWER)copies as rna
2024/2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Describe rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum in terms of form and function
(CORRECT ANSWER)ROUGH- has attached ribosomes, usually connected with
nuclear membrane, ribosomes placed here, packages proteins and sends them to
golgi.
SMOOTH- has no attached ribosomes, makes lipuds & steriods, detoxifies harmful
material or waste products. Found in liver cells and glands that make hormones.
Importance of water to living organisms (CORRECT ANSWER)3/4 of the earths
surface is covered by water, 60% of living tissue is made up by water, covalently
bonded, polar molecule
Levels of protein organization and bonds involved in each (CORRECT ANSWER)-
Primary - simply long chain of amino acids (PEPTIDE BONDS)
-Secondary - alpha helix or beta pleated sheet forms from double bonded left over
oxygen. (HYDROGEN BONDS)
-Tertiary- highly 3D shape (INTERACTIONS BETWEEN R GROUPS)
-quaternary- 2 or more tertiary molecules
(IONIC BONDS) ex ) collagen & hemoglobin
define osmosis describing how temperature is a factor and why and how molecules
move. (CORRECT ANSWER)-osmosis is the movement of water across a
selectively permeable membrane going from a high to low concentration until water
reaches equilibrium.
- as the temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the water molecules also
increases.
active transport (CORRECT ANSWER)-Energy-requiring process
-moves material across a cell membrane against concentration gradient.
-carrier protein needed
examples) ions, sugars, amino acids, nucleotides
facilitated diffusion (passive transport) (CORRECT ANSWER)-movement of
molecules across a membrane with concentration gradient
-embedded carrier proteins act as channels
-no energy required
examples ) large or charged particles such as : sugars, amino acids, ions and
nucleotides.
steps of Dna replication and enzymes involved (CORRECT ANSWER)-enzyme dna
helicase unzips dna strand
-enzyme dna polymerase positions and joins new nucleotides
-enzyme dna ligase fixes any breaks in the sugar phosphate backbone
give role of Dna in production of protein (CORRECT ANSWER)copies as rna
