Chapter 01: Nursing Today
Potter: Fundamentals of Nursing, 11th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which nurse most likely kept records on sanitation techniques and the effects on
health?
a. Florence Nightingale
b. Mary Nutting
c. Clara Barton
d. Lillian Wald
ANS: A
Nightingale was the first practicing nurse epidemiologist. Her statistical
analyses connected poor sanitation with cholera and dysentery. Mary Nutting,
Clara Barton, and Lillian Wald came after Nightingale, each contributing to the
nursing profession in her own way. Mary Nutting was instrumental in moving
nursing education into universities. Clara Barton foundedthe American Red
Cross. Lillian Wald helped open the Henry Street Settlement.
DIF:Understand (comprehension)
OBJ:Discuss the influence of social, historical, political, and economic changes on
nursing practices.
TOP: Evaluation MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. The nurse prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcome.
Which standard ofnursing practice is the nurse following?
a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Planning
d. Implementation
ANS: C
In planning, the registered nurse develops a plan that prescribes strategies and
alternatives to attain expected outcomes. During assessment, the registered
nurse collects comprehensive data pertinent to the patient’s health and/or the
situation. In diagnosis, the registered nurse analyzes the assessment data to
determine the diagnoses or issues. During implementation, theregistered nurse
implements (carries out) the identified plan.
DIF:Understand (comprehension)
OBJ:Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. TOP: PlanningMSC:
Management of Care
3. An experienced medical-surgical nurse chooses to work in obstetrics.
Which level ofproficiency is the nurse upon initial transition to the
obstetrical floor?
, a. Novice
b. Proficient
c. Competent
d. Advanced beginner
ANS: A
A beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in which there is
no previous level of experience (e.g., an experienced operating room nurse
chooses to now practice in home health) is an example of a novice nurse. A
proficient nurse perceives a patient’s clinicalsituation as a whole, is able to
assess an entire situation, and can readily transfer knowledge gained from
multiple previous experiences to a situation. A competent nurse understands the
organization and specific care required by the type of patients (e.g., surgical,
oncology, or orthopedic patients). This nurse is a competent practitioner who is
able to anticipate nursing care and establish long-range goals. A nurse who has
had some level of experience with the situation is an advanced beginner. This
experience may only be observational in nature, but the nurse is able to identify
meaningful aspects or principles of nursing care.
DIF:Apply (application)
OBJ:Discuss the development of professional nursing roles.
TOP: EvaluationMSC: Management of Care
4. A nurse assesses a patient’s fluid status and decides that the patient needs to
drink more fluids.The nurse then encourages the patient to drink more fluids.
Which concept is the nurse demonstrating?
a. Licensure
b. Autonomy
c. Certification
d. Accountability
ANS: B
Autonomy is an essential element of professional nursing that involves the
initiation of independent nursing interventions without medical orders. To
obtain licensure in the United States, the RN candidate must pass the NCLEX-
RN. Beyond the NCLEX-RN, the nurse may choose to work toward
certification in a specific area of nursing practice. Accountabilitymeans that
you are responsible, professionally and legally, for the type and quality of
nursingcare provided.
DIF:Apply (application)
OBJ:Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses. TOP:
ImplementationMSC: Management of Care
5. A nurse prepares the budget and policies for an intensive care unit. Which
role is the nurseimplementing?
a. Educator
, b. Manager
c. Advocate
d. Caregiver
ANS: B
A manager coordinates the activities of members of the nursing staff in
delivering nursing care and has personnel, policy, and budgetary responsibility
for a specific nursing unit or facility. As an educator, you explain concepts and
facts about health, describe the reason for routine care activities, demonstrate
procedures such as self-care activities, reinforce learning or patient behavior,
and evaluate the patient’s progress in learning. As a patient advocate, you
protect your patient’s human and legal rights and provide assistance in asserting
these rights ifthe need arises. As a caregiver, you help patients maintain and
regain health, manage disease and symptoms, and attain a maximal level
function and independence through the healing process.
DIF:Apply (application)
OBJ:Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses. TOP:
ImplementationMSC: Management of Care
6. The nurse has been working in the clinical setting for several years as an
advanced practice nurse. However, the nurse has a strong desire to pursue
research and theory development. Tofulfill this desire, which program should
the nurse attend?
a. Doctor of Nursing Science degree (DNSc)
b. Doctor of Philosophy degree (PhD)
c. Doctor of Nursing Practice degree (DNP)
d. Doctor in the Science of Nursing degree (DSN)
ANS: B
Some doctoral programs prepare nurses for more rigorous research and theory
development and award the research-oriented Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in
nursing. Professional doctoralprograms in nursing (DSN or DNSc) prepare
graduates to apply research findings to clinical nursing. The DNP is a practice
doctorate that prepares advanced practice nurses such as nursepractitioners.
DIF:Understand (comprehension)
OBJ:Compare and contrast the educational programs available for professional
registered nurse (RN)education. TOP:
Teaching/Learning MSC: Management of Care
7. A nurse attends a workshop on current nursing issues provided by the
American NursesAssociation. Which type of education did the nurse
receive?
a. Graduate education
b. Inservice education
c. Continuing education
d. Registered nurse education
, ANS: C
Continuing education involves formal, organized educational programs offered
by universities, hospitals, state nurses associations, professional nursing
organizations, and educational and health care institutions. After obtaining a
baccalaureate degree in nursing, youcan pursue graduate education leading to a
master’s or doctoral degree in any number of graduate fields, including nursing.
Inservice education programs are instruction or training provided by a health
care facility or institution. Registered nurse education is the education
preparation for an individual intending to be an RN.
DIF:Apply (application)
OBJ:Compare and contrast the educational programs available for professional registered
nurse (RN)
education. TOP: Teaching/Learning MSC: Management
of Care
8. A nurse identifies gaps between local and best practices. Which Quality and
Safety Educationfor Nurses (QSEN) competency is the nurse demonstrating?
a. Safety
b. Patient-centered care
c. Quality improvement
d. Teamwork and collaboration
ANS: C
Quality improvement identifies gaps between local and best practices. Safety
minimizes risk of harm to patients and providers through both system
effectiveness and individual performance. Patient-centered care recognizes the
patient or designee as the source of controland full partner in providing
compassionate and coordinated care based on respect for patient’s preferences,
values, and needs. Teamwork and collaboration allows effective functioning
within nursing and interprofessional teams, fostering open communication,
mutual respect, and shared decision making.
DIF:Understand (comprehension)
OBJ:Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses.
TOP: EvaluationMSC: Management of Care
9. A nurse has compassion fatigue. What is the nurse experiencing?
a. Lateral violence and intrapersonal conflict
b. Burnout and secondary traumatic stress
c. Short-term grief and single stressor
d. Physical and mental exhaustion
ANS: B
Compassion fatigue is a term used to describe a state of burnout and secondary
traumaticstress. Compassion fatigue may contribute to what is described as
lateral violence
Potter: Fundamentals of Nursing, 11th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which nurse most likely kept records on sanitation techniques and the effects on
health?
a. Florence Nightingale
b. Mary Nutting
c. Clara Barton
d. Lillian Wald
ANS: A
Nightingale was the first practicing nurse epidemiologist. Her statistical
analyses connected poor sanitation with cholera and dysentery. Mary Nutting,
Clara Barton, and Lillian Wald came after Nightingale, each contributing to the
nursing profession in her own way. Mary Nutting was instrumental in moving
nursing education into universities. Clara Barton foundedthe American Red
Cross. Lillian Wald helped open the Henry Street Settlement.
DIF:Understand (comprehension)
OBJ:Discuss the influence of social, historical, political, and economic changes on
nursing practices.
TOP: Evaluation MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. The nurse prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcome.
Which standard ofnursing practice is the nurse following?
a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Planning
d. Implementation
ANS: C
In planning, the registered nurse develops a plan that prescribes strategies and
alternatives to attain expected outcomes. During assessment, the registered
nurse collects comprehensive data pertinent to the patient’s health and/or the
situation. In diagnosis, the registered nurse analyzes the assessment data to
determine the diagnoses or issues. During implementation, theregistered nurse
implements (carries out) the identified plan.
DIF:Understand (comprehension)
OBJ:Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. TOP: PlanningMSC:
Management of Care
3. An experienced medical-surgical nurse chooses to work in obstetrics.
Which level ofproficiency is the nurse upon initial transition to the
obstetrical floor?
, a. Novice
b. Proficient
c. Competent
d. Advanced beginner
ANS: A
A beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in which there is
no previous level of experience (e.g., an experienced operating room nurse
chooses to now practice in home health) is an example of a novice nurse. A
proficient nurse perceives a patient’s clinicalsituation as a whole, is able to
assess an entire situation, and can readily transfer knowledge gained from
multiple previous experiences to a situation. A competent nurse understands the
organization and specific care required by the type of patients (e.g., surgical,
oncology, or orthopedic patients). This nurse is a competent practitioner who is
able to anticipate nursing care and establish long-range goals. A nurse who has
had some level of experience with the situation is an advanced beginner. This
experience may only be observational in nature, but the nurse is able to identify
meaningful aspects or principles of nursing care.
DIF:Apply (application)
OBJ:Discuss the development of professional nursing roles.
TOP: EvaluationMSC: Management of Care
4. A nurse assesses a patient’s fluid status and decides that the patient needs to
drink more fluids.The nurse then encourages the patient to drink more fluids.
Which concept is the nurse demonstrating?
a. Licensure
b. Autonomy
c. Certification
d. Accountability
ANS: B
Autonomy is an essential element of professional nursing that involves the
initiation of independent nursing interventions without medical orders. To
obtain licensure in the United States, the RN candidate must pass the NCLEX-
RN. Beyond the NCLEX-RN, the nurse may choose to work toward
certification in a specific area of nursing practice. Accountabilitymeans that
you are responsible, professionally and legally, for the type and quality of
nursingcare provided.
DIF:Apply (application)
OBJ:Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses. TOP:
ImplementationMSC: Management of Care
5. A nurse prepares the budget and policies for an intensive care unit. Which
role is the nurseimplementing?
a. Educator
, b. Manager
c. Advocate
d. Caregiver
ANS: B
A manager coordinates the activities of members of the nursing staff in
delivering nursing care and has personnel, policy, and budgetary responsibility
for a specific nursing unit or facility. As an educator, you explain concepts and
facts about health, describe the reason for routine care activities, demonstrate
procedures such as self-care activities, reinforce learning or patient behavior,
and evaluate the patient’s progress in learning. As a patient advocate, you
protect your patient’s human and legal rights and provide assistance in asserting
these rights ifthe need arises. As a caregiver, you help patients maintain and
regain health, manage disease and symptoms, and attain a maximal level
function and independence through the healing process.
DIF:Apply (application)
OBJ:Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses. TOP:
ImplementationMSC: Management of Care
6. The nurse has been working in the clinical setting for several years as an
advanced practice nurse. However, the nurse has a strong desire to pursue
research and theory development. Tofulfill this desire, which program should
the nurse attend?
a. Doctor of Nursing Science degree (DNSc)
b. Doctor of Philosophy degree (PhD)
c. Doctor of Nursing Practice degree (DNP)
d. Doctor in the Science of Nursing degree (DSN)
ANS: B
Some doctoral programs prepare nurses for more rigorous research and theory
development and award the research-oriented Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in
nursing. Professional doctoralprograms in nursing (DSN or DNSc) prepare
graduates to apply research findings to clinical nursing. The DNP is a practice
doctorate that prepares advanced practice nurses such as nursepractitioners.
DIF:Understand (comprehension)
OBJ:Compare and contrast the educational programs available for professional
registered nurse (RN)education. TOP:
Teaching/Learning MSC: Management of Care
7. A nurse attends a workshop on current nursing issues provided by the
American NursesAssociation. Which type of education did the nurse
receive?
a. Graduate education
b. Inservice education
c. Continuing education
d. Registered nurse education
, ANS: C
Continuing education involves formal, organized educational programs offered
by universities, hospitals, state nurses associations, professional nursing
organizations, and educational and health care institutions. After obtaining a
baccalaureate degree in nursing, youcan pursue graduate education leading to a
master’s or doctoral degree in any number of graduate fields, including nursing.
Inservice education programs are instruction or training provided by a health
care facility or institution. Registered nurse education is the education
preparation for an individual intending to be an RN.
DIF:Apply (application)
OBJ:Compare and contrast the educational programs available for professional registered
nurse (RN)
education. TOP: Teaching/Learning MSC: Management
of Care
8. A nurse identifies gaps between local and best practices. Which Quality and
Safety Educationfor Nurses (QSEN) competency is the nurse demonstrating?
a. Safety
b. Patient-centered care
c. Quality improvement
d. Teamwork and collaboration
ANS: C
Quality improvement identifies gaps between local and best practices. Safety
minimizes risk of harm to patients and providers through both system
effectiveness and individual performance. Patient-centered care recognizes the
patient or designee as the source of controland full partner in providing
compassionate and coordinated care based on respect for patient’s preferences,
values, and needs. Teamwork and collaboration allows effective functioning
within nursing and interprofessional teams, fostering open communication,
mutual respect, and shared decision making.
DIF:Understand (comprehension)
OBJ:Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses.
TOP: EvaluationMSC: Management of Care
9. A nurse has compassion fatigue. What is the nurse experiencing?
a. Lateral violence and intrapersonal conflict
b. Burnout and secondary traumatic stress
c. Short-term grief and single stressor
d. Physical and mental exhaustion
ANS: B
Compassion fatigue is a term used to describe a state of burnout and secondary
traumaticstress. Compassion fatigue may contribute to what is described as
lateral violence
