Advanced Pharmacology Midterm
questions with solutions
what is another name for the sympathetic nervous system? - answersadrenergic (fight
or flight)
what is another name for the parasympathetic nervous system? - answerscholinergic
(rest and digest)
what are the receptors of the sympathetic nervous system? - answersalpha
beta
dopaminergic
what does the alpha 1 stimulate? - answersvasoconstriction
what does the alpha 2 stimulate? - answersvasodilation
what does the beta 1 stimulate? - answersheart
what does the beta 2 stimulate? - answerslungs
what does the dopaminergic receptor stimulate? - answersdilation of renal arteries,
increase heart rate, and increase blood pressure
what are neurotransmitters? - answerschemicals used to carry impulses from neurons
to neurons or from neurons to tissue receptors
what are the SNS neurotransmitters? - answerscatecholamines
what are the three neurotransmitters in catecholamines? - answersnorepinephrine,
epinephrine, dopamine
what is the primary neurotrnsmitter for the SNS - answersnorepinephrine
what two enzymes break down catecholamines in the synaptic cleft and the liver? -
answersMAO and COMT
what do MOA and COMT do? - answersthey metabollize or break down any remaining
norepinephrine after adrenergic transmission
what is the system of the SNS - answerscatecholamines are produced by the SNS, then
stored in vesicles or granules in the ends of nerves and wait for the nerve to be
stimulated, then stimulation causes a release of catecholamines into the synaptic cleft
, (space between nerve ending and effector organ), the catecholamines bind to receptor
sites, making effector organs respond -- this action is stopped by action of enzymes and
reuptake of the neurotransmitter
what is the location of alpha 1? - answerssmooth miscles or peripheral blood vessel,
sphincter of GI/GU tracts, bladder sphincter, penis, iris
when alpha 1 is stimulated what does it cause? - answersvasoconstriction, decreased
Gi motility, constriction of sphincters in the GI/GU, ejaculation, mydriasis, decreased
secretions, stress induced sweating
where is alpha 2 located? - answersnerve membranes
what does stimulation of alpha 2 cause? - answersdecreased CNS sympathetic outflow
where is beta 1 located? - answersreceptors in the heart muscle, beta cells of pancreas,
and kidney
what happens when beta 1 is stimulated? - answersincrease heart rate, decreased
insulin, increased renin secretion
where is beta 2 located? - answerstwo lobes of lungs. uterus smooth muscles, liver,
skeletal muscles, blood vessels (brain, heart, and skeletal vessels)
what happens when beta 2 is stimulated? - answersbronchodilation, uterine muscle
relaxation, breakdown of stored glucose, tremors, dilation of blood vessels (brain, heart,
and skeletal muscles)
therapeutic uses of adrenergics? - answersbronchodilation and nasal decongestant
what medications cause bronchodilation? - answersalbuterol sulfate, epinephrine,
iroproterenol hydrochloride, terbutaline, salmeterol
albuterol sulfate - answersprevents acute problems; drug of choice for short acting
bronchodilation
epinephrine - answersdrug of choice for anaphylaxis
isoproterenol hydrochloride - answersactivates beta 1 & 2; prevents asmtha attacks
salmeterol - answersfor long acting bronchodilation adn prevents asthma attacks
what medications are used for nasal decongestants? - answersphenylephrine and
phenylpropanmine
questions with solutions
what is another name for the sympathetic nervous system? - answersadrenergic (fight
or flight)
what is another name for the parasympathetic nervous system? - answerscholinergic
(rest and digest)
what are the receptors of the sympathetic nervous system? - answersalpha
beta
dopaminergic
what does the alpha 1 stimulate? - answersvasoconstriction
what does the alpha 2 stimulate? - answersvasodilation
what does the beta 1 stimulate? - answersheart
what does the beta 2 stimulate? - answerslungs
what does the dopaminergic receptor stimulate? - answersdilation of renal arteries,
increase heart rate, and increase blood pressure
what are neurotransmitters? - answerschemicals used to carry impulses from neurons
to neurons or from neurons to tissue receptors
what are the SNS neurotransmitters? - answerscatecholamines
what are the three neurotransmitters in catecholamines? - answersnorepinephrine,
epinephrine, dopamine
what is the primary neurotrnsmitter for the SNS - answersnorepinephrine
what two enzymes break down catecholamines in the synaptic cleft and the liver? -
answersMAO and COMT
what do MOA and COMT do? - answersthey metabollize or break down any remaining
norepinephrine after adrenergic transmission
what is the system of the SNS - answerscatecholamines are produced by the SNS, then
stored in vesicles or granules in the ends of nerves and wait for the nerve to be
stimulated, then stimulation causes a release of catecholamines into the synaptic cleft
, (space between nerve ending and effector organ), the catecholamines bind to receptor
sites, making effector organs respond -- this action is stopped by action of enzymes and
reuptake of the neurotransmitter
what is the location of alpha 1? - answerssmooth miscles or peripheral blood vessel,
sphincter of GI/GU tracts, bladder sphincter, penis, iris
when alpha 1 is stimulated what does it cause? - answersvasoconstriction, decreased
Gi motility, constriction of sphincters in the GI/GU, ejaculation, mydriasis, decreased
secretions, stress induced sweating
where is alpha 2 located? - answersnerve membranes
what does stimulation of alpha 2 cause? - answersdecreased CNS sympathetic outflow
where is beta 1 located? - answersreceptors in the heart muscle, beta cells of pancreas,
and kidney
what happens when beta 1 is stimulated? - answersincrease heart rate, decreased
insulin, increased renin secretion
where is beta 2 located? - answerstwo lobes of lungs. uterus smooth muscles, liver,
skeletal muscles, blood vessels (brain, heart, and skeletal vessels)
what happens when beta 2 is stimulated? - answersbronchodilation, uterine muscle
relaxation, breakdown of stored glucose, tremors, dilation of blood vessels (brain, heart,
and skeletal muscles)
therapeutic uses of adrenergics? - answersbronchodilation and nasal decongestant
what medications cause bronchodilation? - answersalbuterol sulfate, epinephrine,
iroproterenol hydrochloride, terbutaline, salmeterol
albuterol sulfate - answersprevents acute problems; drug of choice for short acting
bronchodilation
epinephrine - answersdrug of choice for anaphylaxis
isoproterenol hydrochloride - answersactivates beta 1 & 2; prevents asmtha attacks
salmeterol - answersfor long acting bronchodilation adn prevents asthma attacks
what medications are used for nasal decongestants? - answersphenylephrine and
phenylpropanmine
