ATI Pharm Final Exam Guide 2024

Anti anxiety and Hypnotic Drugs – ~Benzodiazepines (end in -am) ~Short-Acting Sedative-Hypnotic Sleep Agents ("Z-hypnotics") ~Melatonin receptor agonists ~Buspirone (BuSpar) Remember Pam and Lam endings Anti-anxiety Adverse effects – Dizziness Drowsiness Blurred vision orthostatic hypotension Dry mouth What do you teach patients about anti-anxiety medications and sleep medications - -Risk for physical dependency(only take for 2-3 week) -Do not drive or operate machinery -no alcohol -avoid drugs that Depress CNS (may lead to death) - Caffeine may reduce effectiveness. Typical Antipsychotics - A class of older drugs to treat schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders primarily by reducing excess levels of dopamine in the brain. Haloperidol, chlorpromazine atypical antipsychotics - Antipsychotics that do not have significant side effects common to older antipsychotics olanzapine, clozapine, risperidone typical antipsychotic side effects and adverse reactions – Headache Drowsiness nausea constipation dry mouth Adverse reactions Acute Dystonia akathisia tardive dyskinesia atypical antipsychotic side effects/adverse reactions – insomnia Drowsiness orthostatic hypotension Adverse Acute dystonia akathisia tardive dyskinesia pseudo parkinsonism What do you explain to families about typical and atypical antipsychotics – -continue to take the drug as prescribed -it make take several weeks before you see changes -do not suddenly stop, can cause nausea, dizziness and tremors -avoid activities that require alertness -these drugs may affect ability to adjust to changes in temperature types of antidepressants - MAOI, Tricyclic, SSRI, SNRI, Atypical anti-depressant Types of MAOIs - Phenelzine (Nardil) Tranylcypromine (Parnate) Side effects of MAOIs - Anticholinergic (dry mouth), Blurred Vision, Constipation, Drowsiness types of tricyclic antidepressants – Amitriptyline Imipramine Doxepin Nortriptyline Amoxapine Trimipramine Tricyclic side effects – Anticholinergic, weight gain Sexual Lower seizure threshold Cardiotoxicity, OHoTN Overdose can be lethal Types of SSRIs - Trade names: Celexa, lexapro, Prozac, luvox, paxil, zoloft zoloft (sertraline) Prozac (fluoxetine) Paxil (paroxtine) Luvox (fluvoxemine) Celexa(citalopram) Lexipro (Escitropram) Side effects of SSRIs and SNRIs - Insomnia, agitation, headache, weight loss, sexual dysfunction, serotonin syndrome Atypical Antidepressants - Bupropion (Wellbutrin) Side effects of atypical antidepressants - SE include: HA, dry mouth, GI distress, constipation, increased heart rate, nausea, restlessness, suppression of appetite, and insomnia. mood stabilizers - medications that treat bipolar disorder, such as lithium Lithum side effects – Cognitive func impairment fine hand tremor, tremor, G/I-Nausea, appetite loss, Diarrhea, Energy-restless, fatigue Increased urination (polyuria) Weight gain Lithium Patient Teaching – 1. give after meals to decrease gastric upset and prolong absorption 2. avoid changes in dietary sodium 3. take medication consistently 4. increase fluid intake to mL and avoid fluid depletion MAOI patient education – -Take as prescribed -don't drink alcohol or any sedating drug -hypotension -avoid caffeine -don't use over the counter drugs -2 week break before switching to another medication - avoid driving/ heavy machinery -avoid diary meats, certain fruits and veggies, chocolate, licorice(High Tryamine foods) SSRI patient teaching – ⎫ Possible adverse effects include gastrointestinal upset, sexual dysfunction, and weight gain. ⎫ Use caution when driving and performing other activities requiring mental alertness until tolerance to the adverse effect develops. ⎫ It is important to take SSRIs as ordered and not to discontinue them abruptly, because of possible discontinuation syndrome (dizziness, diarrhea, movement disorders, insomnia, irritability, visual disturbances, lethargy, anorexia, and lowered mood). ⎫ Notify your health care provider immediately if you experience diarrhea, nausea, abdominal cramping, mental status changes, restlessness, diaphoresis, shivering, tremors, ataxia, headaches, or hyperreflexia because they may signify serotonin syndrome. ⎫ Check with your health care provider before using any over-the-counter medications. Pseudomembranous colitis - Clostridium difficile antimicrobial resistance - occurs when pathogens undergo changes that allow them to resist antimicrobials - become resistant to common medicine antibacterial - designed to fight against or kill bacteria antibiotic - a medicine used to save lives because it destroys harmful bacteria and cures infections Anti-microbial drug - a general term for any term that has the purpose of killing or inhibiting the growth of a pathogenic micro-organism Antifungal drugs - any drug used to treat a fungal infection Bacteria - single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus; prokaryotes Bacterialcidal - kills bacteria Bacteriostatic - inhibits bacterial growth fungus - Saprophytic and parasitic spore-producing eukaryotic organisms that lack chlorophyll and include molds, rusts, mildews, smuts, mushrooms, and yeasts. generation - a new group of drugs developed from another or similar drug normal flora - microorganisms that are normally present in a specific site parasite - An organism that feeds on a living host Pathogen - An organism that causes disease spectrum - the number of different specific organisms that the drug is effective against Virus - A tiny, nonliving particle that invades and then reproduces inside a living cell. What to teach patients about anti-microbial use - -Take with food -take the full course -report and reactions Patient teaching TB - -Take meds at the same time each day -urine may be reddish orange -one hour before or two hours after taking antacids -Report any new symptoms -do not drink alcohol -keep all doctors appointment anti-viral drugs - 1. acyclovir 2. peniciclovir 3. famciclovir 4. docosanol destroy viruses and some normal cells, needs to be taken for life ( AIDS)