MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING EXAM
REVISION QUESTIONS AND THEIR 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS
What is hypermetropia?
long sitedness, whereby light ray convergence at a point
after the retina, and therfore out of focus. Nearby objects
apphear blurry while distant objects are clearer
what is myopia?
near/short sightedness, close is clear, far is blurry
-usual starts in puberty and gets worse untill eye is fully
grown. also in very young children.
conditions associated with myopia?
squint- childhood eyes point in diff. directions.
lazy eyechildhood, one eye. doesnt develop properly
glaucoma - IOC pressure.
cataracts - develpoment of cloudy atches inside lense.
Retinal detachment - wherby retina pulls awat from the
blood vessel that nourish it
What is astigmatism?
Failure to converge image at one point on the fovea (likea
refraction rather than focusing)
Causes of astigmatism?
-Hereditary - corneal or lenticular
-Injuries to the cornea, such as infection that scars the
cornea
,keratoconus & kertoglobus - causes bulgin, thinner and
shape change.
Some conditions of the eyelid
others that affect cornea or lense
What is presbyopia?
gradual loss of your eyes' ability to focus on nearby
objects. It's a natural part of aging 40-65yrs
Aetiology of bacterial conjunctivitis?
S.Aureus, Sterp. Pneumo or H.flu
also STIs chlamydia trachromatis, N.gonnorheae
what is opthalmia neonatorum?
chlamydia or gonorrheae infection from infected birth
canal affecting 20-40%
What is Episcleritis ?
Inflamationof localiased superficial episclera vascular
network, most commonly diffuse (moderate to sever inflam
@1-3 month intervals)
-Nodular/focal episcleritis (can often present with
associated systemic disease)
What are the classification of Allergic conjunctivitis?
type 1 hypersensitivity - seasonal (SAC)
perrenial - chronic (PAC)
Atopic - relates to eczema and athsma
gaint pappilary (GPC)
Limbal and tarsal kertaoconjuctivitis (VKC)
What is gaint pappilary Allergica conjunctivitis
inner lining of the eyelid swells and develops small bumps.
Known as papillae, these bumps tend to form after chronic
irritation
what can cause a corneal abbration?
,Direct trauma
Foreign body between eyelid and conjunctiva
Heat by contact
UV radiation (Arc Eye)
What can cause corneal ulcer?
can be secondary to abrasive trauma, pentrating injuries
or prolonged use of contact lenses
What are dendritic ulcers?
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis is the most frequent
cause of corneal blindness.
- aggressive treatment -
Symptoms of Dendritic ulcers?
Pain
Photophobia
Blurred vision
Tearing
Redness
- with fluorescein staining and has a delicate branching
pattern,
Appearance of dendritic ulcer on opthalmoscopy?
- infectious epithelial keratitis (with characteristic dendritic
ulcers)
-neurotrophic keratopathy
-stromal keratitis endotheliitis (classified as disciform,
diffuse, or linear)
what are the symptoms of keratic precipitates and
anterior uveitis
Pain, generally developing over a few hours or days
except in cases of trauma:
Redness
Photophobia
, Blurred vision
Increased lacrimation
Chronic anterior uveitis presents primarily as blurred vision
and mild redness.
pain & photophobia normaly only during acute episode.
what are the symptoms of posterior Uveitis?
Blurred vision and floaters
Absence of symptoms of anterior uveitis (ie, pain, redness,
and photophobia)
All parts of the posterior chamber may be affected,
including the retina, choroid and optic nerve. It can be
caused by bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic infections.
What are the findings of posterior Uveitis upon
opthalmoscopy?
posterior uveitis Showing candle wax drippings (white
areas)
Anterior uventis is linked to which non infectious
diseases?
-Ankyolising spondilitis,
-behcet syndrom (ulcers eye,mouth & genitals),
-IBS,
-Juvenile arthritis, sarcoidosis (Granulomatous disease),
-seronegative arthropathy
Anterior uventis is linked to which infectious
diseases?
HSV, SYphilis, TB & varicella zoster
Intermediate uventis (Cillary body to retina) is linked
to which non-infectious disease?
Lymphoma, MS and sarcoidosis
REVISION QUESTIONS AND THEIR 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS
What is hypermetropia?
long sitedness, whereby light ray convergence at a point
after the retina, and therfore out of focus. Nearby objects
apphear blurry while distant objects are clearer
what is myopia?
near/short sightedness, close is clear, far is blurry
-usual starts in puberty and gets worse untill eye is fully
grown. also in very young children.
conditions associated with myopia?
squint- childhood eyes point in diff. directions.
lazy eyechildhood, one eye. doesnt develop properly
glaucoma - IOC pressure.
cataracts - develpoment of cloudy atches inside lense.
Retinal detachment - wherby retina pulls awat from the
blood vessel that nourish it
What is astigmatism?
Failure to converge image at one point on the fovea (likea
refraction rather than focusing)
Causes of astigmatism?
-Hereditary - corneal or lenticular
-Injuries to the cornea, such as infection that scars the
cornea
,keratoconus & kertoglobus - causes bulgin, thinner and
shape change.
Some conditions of the eyelid
others that affect cornea or lense
What is presbyopia?
gradual loss of your eyes' ability to focus on nearby
objects. It's a natural part of aging 40-65yrs
Aetiology of bacterial conjunctivitis?
S.Aureus, Sterp. Pneumo or H.flu
also STIs chlamydia trachromatis, N.gonnorheae
what is opthalmia neonatorum?
chlamydia or gonorrheae infection from infected birth
canal affecting 20-40%
What is Episcleritis ?
Inflamationof localiased superficial episclera vascular
network, most commonly diffuse (moderate to sever inflam
@1-3 month intervals)
-Nodular/focal episcleritis (can often present with
associated systemic disease)
What are the classification of Allergic conjunctivitis?
type 1 hypersensitivity - seasonal (SAC)
perrenial - chronic (PAC)
Atopic - relates to eczema and athsma
gaint pappilary (GPC)
Limbal and tarsal kertaoconjuctivitis (VKC)
What is gaint pappilary Allergica conjunctivitis
inner lining of the eyelid swells and develops small bumps.
Known as papillae, these bumps tend to form after chronic
irritation
what can cause a corneal abbration?
,Direct trauma
Foreign body between eyelid and conjunctiva
Heat by contact
UV radiation (Arc Eye)
What can cause corneal ulcer?
can be secondary to abrasive trauma, pentrating injuries
or prolonged use of contact lenses
What are dendritic ulcers?
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis is the most frequent
cause of corneal blindness.
- aggressive treatment -
Symptoms of Dendritic ulcers?
Pain
Photophobia
Blurred vision
Tearing
Redness
- with fluorescein staining and has a delicate branching
pattern,
Appearance of dendritic ulcer on opthalmoscopy?
- infectious epithelial keratitis (with characteristic dendritic
ulcers)
-neurotrophic keratopathy
-stromal keratitis endotheliitis (classified as disciform,
diffuse, or linear)
what are the symptoms of keratic precipitates and
anterior uveitis
Pain, generally developing over a few hours or days
except in cases of trauma:
Redness
Photophobia
, Blurred vision
Increased lacrimation
Chronic anterior uveitis presents primarily as blurred vision
and mild redness.
pain & photophobia normaly only during acute episode.
what are the symptoms of posterior Uveitis?
Blurred vision and floaters
Absence of symptoms of anterior uveitis (ie, pain, redness,
and photophobia)
All parts of the posterior chamber may be affected,
including the retina, choroid and optic nerve. It can be
caused by bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic infections.
What are the findings of posterior Uveitis upon
opthalmoscopy?
posterior uveitis Showing candle wax drippings (white
areas)
Anterior uventis is linked to which non infectious
diseases?
-Ankyolising spondilitis,
-behcet syndrom (ulcers eye,mouth & genitals),
-IBS,
-Juvenile arthritis, sarcoidosis (Granulomatous disease),
-seronegative arthropathy
Anterior uventis is linked to which infectious
diseases?
HSV, SYphilis, TB & varicella zoster
Intermediate uventis (Cillary body to retina) is linked
to which non-infectious disease?
Lymphoma, MS and sarcoidosis
