Principles of Animal Nutrition Exam 1 with
correct Answers
What is the digestive system? -
✔️The portal for nutrients to gain access to the circulatory system.
In general, what happens in the digestive system? -
✔️Food stuffs are broken down into very simple molecules.
What are the molecules that result from food stuffs being broken down? -
✔️Sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, etc.
What happens to the broken down food stuff? -
✔️They are transported across the GI tract into the bloodstream.
What do specific types of digestive systems determine? -
✔️The specific feedstuffs that animals can utilize.
What does the GI system do to protect you? -
✔️Makes you vomit or have diarrhea (in cases that you are poisoned).
What are the four main components of the digestive system? -
✔️Consume, break, absorb, build.
Food is not considered "in" until what? -
✔️Until it reaches the bloodstream.
What are the three different types of GI systems? -
✔️Monogastrics, ruminants, and hind-gut fermenters
What does the term "monogastric" directly translate to? -
,✔️One stomach
Why is the translation of "monogastric" a misconception? -
✔️All the GI systems have one stomach.
What makes a monogastric different than a ruminant? -
✔️Monogastrics have a stomach that is not compartmentalized.
What are some examples of monogastrics? -
✔️Chickens, pigs, turkeys, dogs, cats
What is a ruminant in simple terms? -
✔️An animal that has a stomach with multiple compartments.
What are some examples of ruminants? -
✔️Cattle, goats, sheep, deer
Why are most large animals not ruminants? -
✔️There is a loss of energy during rumination that large animals need.
What are defining characteristics of hind gut fermenters? -
✔️They are unable to vomit, they have a large, large intestine, they have a cecum.
Why are hind gut fermenters unable to vomit? -
✔️They have a strong sphincter, the angle from the stomach to the esophagus (lower angle), they
can run from predators on a full stomach.
What are examples of hind gut fermenters? -
✔️Horses, rabbits, ostriches
What is a cecum in humans? -
,✔️An appendix
Do hind gut fermentors need cecums? -
✔️Yes, they would die without it.
What is the mouth? -
✔️The mouth is the starting point that begins the digestive process/
What is the mouth directly related to? -
✔️What the animal eats
What do the lips do? -
✔️It allows for animals to sort through food and makes them picky.
What do mobile lips allow animals to do? -
✔️Eat whatever they want.
What is the issue with animals eating whatever they want? -
✔️They do not eat what they should be.
What other function do the lips have? -
✔️It allows the animal to grab food.
What is the tongue used for? -
✔️Grasping food, mixing, and swallowing
What is another function of the tongue? -
✔️It allows for heat regulation in certain animals.
How does the tongue allow for heat regulation? -
✔️The moisture evaporates off of the tongue during panting.
, What is the function of the teeth? -
✔️They tear and chew the feed into smaller particles that may be swallowed. They are also used to
catch food.
What do the teeth determine? -
✔️What you can eat and how well you can digest it (type of food and digestive process).
What are the different types of incorrect bites that an animal can have? -
✔️Level bite, over bit, underbite
Give one example of why an animal may have an underbite. -
✔️To bite and not let go
What are the downsides to an overbite or underbite? -
✔️It makes it hard to eat.
What do the salivary glands do? -
✔️Excretes saliva
What does saliva do? -
✔️Provides water to moisten, mucin to lubricate, bicarbonates to buffer acids, and contains
amylase to break down carbohydrates.
For which GI tract is bicarbonates especially useful for and why? -
✔️Ruminants because they rely on microbes in the stomach for digestion and those microbes
cannot live in an acidic environment.
Why does food need to be lubricated? -
✔️To help with swallowing
Why do acids need to be buffered? -
correct Answers
What is the digestive system? -
✔️The portal for nutrients to gain access to the circulatory system.
In general, what happens in the digestive system? -
✔️Food stuffs are broken down into very simple molecules.
What are the molecules that result from food stuffs being broken down? -
✔️Sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, etc.
What happens to the broken down food stuff? -
✔️They are transported across the GI tract into the bloodstream.
What do specific types of digestive systems determine? -
✔️The specific feedstuffs that animals can utilize.
What does the GI system do to protect you? -
✔️Makes you vomit or have diarrhea (in cases that you are poisoned).
What are the four main components of the digestive system? -
✔️Consume, break, absorb, build.
Food is not considered "in" until what? -
✔️Until it reaches the bloodstream.
What are the three different types of GI systems? -
✔️Monogastrics, ruminants, and hind-gut fermenters
What does the term "monogastric" directly translate to? -
,✔️One stomach
Why is the translation of "monogastric" a misconception? -
✔️All the GI systems have one stomach.
What makes a monogastric different than a ruminant? -
✔️Monogastrics have a stomach that is not compartmentalized.
What are some examples of monogastrics? -
✔️Chickens, pigs, turkeys, dogs, cats
What is a ruminant in simple terms? -
✔️An animal that has a stomach with multiple compartments.
What are some examples of ruminants? -
✔️Cattle, goats, sheep, deer
Why are most large animals not ruminants? -
✔️There is a loss of energy during rumination that large animals need.
What are defining characteristics of hind gut fermenters? -
✔️They are unable to vomit, they have a large, large intestine, they have a cecum.
Why are hind gut fermenters unable to vomit? -
✔️They have a strong sphincter, the angle from the stomach to the esophagus (lower angle), they
can run from predators on a full stomach.
What are examples of hind gut fermenters? -
✔️Horses, rabbits, ostriches
What is a cecum in humans? -
,✔️An appendix
Do hind gut fermentors need cecums? -
✔️Yes, they would die without it.
What is the mouth? -
✔️The mouth is the starting point that begins the digestive process/
What is the mouth directly related to? -
✔️What the animal eats
What do the lips do? -
✔️It allows for animals to sort through food and makes them picky.
What do mobile lips allow animals to do? -
✔️Eat whatever they want.
What is the issue with animals eating whatever they want? -
✔️They do not eat what they should be.
What other function do the lips have? -
✔️It allows the animal to grab food.
What is the tongue used for? -
✔️Grasping food, mixing, and swallowing
What is another function of the tongue? -
✔️It allows for heat regulation in certain animals.
How does the tongue allow for heat regulation? -
✔️The moisture evaporates off of the tongue during panting.
, What is the function of the teeth? -
✔️They tear and chew the feed into smaller particles that may be swallowed. They are also used to
catch food.
What do the teeth determine? -
✔️What you can eat and how well you can digest it (type of food and digestive process).
What are the different types of incorrect bites that an animal can have? -
✔️Level bite, over bit, underbite
Give one example of why an animal may have an underbite. -
✔️To bite and not let go
What are the downsides to an overbite or underbite? -
✔️It makes it hard to eat.
What do the salivary glands do? -
✔️Excretes saliva
What does saliva do? -
✔️Provides water to moisten, mucin to lubricate, bicarbonates to buffer acids, and contains
amylase to break down carbohydrates.
For which GI tract is bicarbonates especially useful for and why? -
✔️Ruminants because they rely on microbes in the stomach for digestion and those microbes
cannot live in an acidic environment.
Why does food need to be lubricated? -
✔️To help with swallowing
Why do acids need to be buffered? -
