MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING –
SIMPLIFIED AND WELL EXPLAINED
SUMMARY ON STROKE
stroke basic definition
sudden loss of neurological function caused by an
interrruption of blood flow to the brain
ischemic stroke
most common type of stroke
affects about 80% of ppl with stroke
results from a clot blocking or impairing blood
flow....deprives the brain of o2 and nutrients
hemorrhagic stroke
occurs when blood vessels rupture
causes leakage of blood in or around the brain
how long must neurological defecits persist for an
"episode" to be classified as a stroke?
24 hours
stroke stats that for some reason may be on the test
stroke is 4th leading cause of death and leading cause of
long term disability in the USA
7,000,000 amercians over 20 yrs age have had a stroke
,each year 795,000 ppl have stroke...610,00 of those are
first time strokes, the other 185,000 are recurrent strokes
more stroke stats that may be on the test for some
reason
women have lower age-adjusted stroke incidence than
men...
...but that incidence whatever reverses in older age--
women over 85 have elevated risk compared to men
african americans have twice the risk of first ever stroke
compared to white folks...rates are also higher in mexican
americans, american indians, alaska natives....first donald
trump, now this!
stroke incidence stats
incidence of stroke increases dramaticlly with age,
doubles in decade after age 65
28% of strokes occur in ppl younger than 65
5-14% of ppl who survive initial stroke will experience
another one within a yr...within 5 yrs, 24% of women will
have recurrence, 42% of men
stroke death stats
stroke deaths # greater than 143k annually
strokes account for 1 out of ever 18 deaths in the USA
hemorrhagic stroke has highest death rate-mortaility rate
is 37-38% at 1 month
,ischemic death rate-8-12% at one month
factors affecting stroke survival rates
age, HTN, heart disease, diabetes
LOC at onset of stroke, lesion size, persistance of severe
hemiplegia, hx of previous stroke, multiple # of
neurological defecits
stroke disability stats
once again leading cause of disability in USA
for ischemic stroke survivors 65 or older-disabillities at 6
months out are below:
hemiparesis-50%
cant walk w/o assist-30%
dependent in ADLs-26%
aphasia-19%
depression-35%
26 % of pts w/ stroke end up in a long term care facility
atherosclerosis and its role in stroke
major contributing factor
quick and dirty: plaque formation on arterial walls leading
to progressive narrowing of blood vessels
blood flow interruption tyically occurs are certain sites-
bifurcations, constrictions, dilations, angulations of
arteries...
, ...most common sites: origin of common carotid artery, @
transition of common carotid to middle cerebral artery,
junction of vertebral arteries w/ basilar artery
what causes ischemic stroke
result of thrombus, embolism, or conditions that produce
low systemic perfusion pressures, results in decreased
cerebral blood flow
lack of blood flow deprives the brain of needed o2,
glucose, disrupts cellular metabolism, leads to tissue
death
thrombus defined
results from platelet adhesion and aggregation on plaques
thrombi lead to ischemia aka occlusion of an artery with a
resulting cerebral infarction or tissue (ABI)
thrombi can also become dislodged and travel to a more
distal site in the form of an intra-artery embolus
cerebral thrombosis
formation or development of a blood clot withing the
cerebral arteries or their branches
cerebral embolus
bits of matter eg blood clot or plaque form somwhere and
are released into the bloodstream
they travel to the cerebral arteries and lodge producing
occlusion and infarction
most common source of cerebral embolus
disease of the cardiovascular system
low systemic perfusion and ischemic stroke
SIMPLIFIED AND WELL EXPLAINED
SUMMARY ON STROKE
stroke basic definition
sudden loss of neurological function caused by an
interrruption of blood flow to the brain
ischemic stroke
most common type of stroke
affects about 80% of ppl with stroke
results from a clot blocking or impairing blood
flow....deprives the brain of o2 and nutrients
hemorrhagic stroke
occurs when blood vessels rupture
causes leakage of blood in or around the brain
how long must neurological defecits persist for an
"episode" to be classified as a stroke?
24 hours
stroke stats that for some reason may be on the test
stroke is 4th leading cause of death and leading cause of
long term disability in the USA
7,000,000 amercians over 20 yrs age have had a stroke
,each year 795,000 ppl have stroke...610,00 of those are
first time strokes, the other 185,000 are recurrent strokes
more stroke stats that may be on the test for some
reason
women have lower age-adjusted stroke incidence than
men...
...but that incidence whatever reverses in older age--
women over 85 have elevated risk compared to men
african americans have twice the risk of first ever stroke
compared to white folks...rates are also higher in mexican
americans, american indians, alaska natives....first donald
trump, now this!
stroke incidence stats
incidence of stroke increases dramaticlly with age,
doubles in decade after age 65
28% of strokes occur in ppl younger than 65
5-14% of ppl who survive initial stroke will experience
another one within a yr...within 5 yrs, 24% of women will
have recurrence, 42% of men
stroke death stats
stroke deaths # greater than 143k annually
strokes account for 1 out of ever 18 deaths in the USA
hemorrhagic stroke has highest death rate-mortaility rate
is 37-38% at 1 month
,ischemic death rate-8-12% at one month
factors affecting stroke survival rates
age, HTN, heart disease, diabetes
LOC at onset of stroke, lesion size, persistance of severe
hemiplegia, hx of previous stroke, multiple # of
neurological defecits
stroke disability stats
once again leading cause of disability in USA
for ischemic stroke survivors 65 or older-disabillities at 6
months out are below:
hemiparesis-50%
cant walk w/o assist-30%
dependent in ADLs-26%
aphasia-19%
depression-35%
26 % of pts w/ stroke end up in a long term care facility
atherosclerosis and its role in stroke
major contributing factor
quick and dirty: plaque formation on arterial walls leading
to progressive narrowing of blood vessels
blood flow interruption tyically occurs are certain sites-
bifurcations, constrictions, dilations, angulations of
arteries...
, ...most common sites: origin of common carotid artery, @
transition of common carotid to middle cerebral artery,
junction of vertebral arteries w/ basilar artery
what causes ischemic stroke
result of thrombus, embolism, or conditions that produce
low systemic perfusion pressures, results in decreased
cerebral blood flow
lack of blood flow deprives the brain of needed o2,
glucose, disrupts cellular metabolism, leads to tissue
death
thrombus defined
results from platelet adhesion and aggregation on plaques
thrombi lead to ischemia aka occlusion of an artery with a
resulting cerebral infarction or tissue (ABI)
thrombi can also become dislodged and travel to a more
distal site in the form of an intra-artery embolus
cerebral thrombosis
formation or development of a blood clot withing the
cerebral arteries or their branches
cerebral embolus
bits of matter eg blood clot or plaque form somwhere and
are released into the bloodstream
they travel to the cerebral arteries and lodge producing
occlusion and infarction
most common source of cerebral embolus
disease of the cardiovascular system
low systemic perfusion and ischemic stroke
