Electrolyte Imbalances Questions with
Correct Answers
What vitamin helps our body absorb calcium? - ✅✅ Vitamin D
Calcium balance is maintained by______- ✅✅ Parathyroid hormone (PTH),
calcitonin and vitamin D
Decreased_____ decreases calcium binding to albumin, leading to more _calcium-
✅✅ Ph, ionized
____increases bone resorption of calcium, GI absorption of calcium and renal
tubule reabsorption of calcium- ✅✅ PTH
Calcitonin - ✅✅ opposes PTH
Hypercalcemia - ✅✅ condition caused by hyperparathyroidism in 2/3 of cases,
malignancy in 1/3 of cases. The symptoms are reduced excitability of muscles and
nerves, decreased memory, confusion, disorientation, fatigue, muscle weakness,
constipation, cardia dysrhythmias, and renal calculi
Treatment of hypercalcemia - ✅✅ loop diuretic (furosemide) and hydration with
isotonic saline infusion, 3000-4000 ml of fluid daily to avoid kidney stones
Hypocalcemia - ✅✅ a condition caused by anything that decreases PTH, low
calcium in diet, sudden alkalosis, and laxative abuse, treatment is oral or IV
supplement of Calcium + vitamin D and pain/anxiety control
Trousseaus sign - ✅✅ when taking BP, there is a carpal spasm due to low
calcium
Chvosteks sign - ✅✅ tapping the face in front of the ear causes a facial spasm
due to low calhypocalcemia
Phosphate - ✅✅ primary anion in ICF, would have a low value in lab tests, is
essential for function of muscle, RBC and the nervous system
, ______is deposited with calcium for bone and tooth structure, helps with the
acid/base system, is balanced by the kidneys - ✅✅ Phosphate
A reciprocal relationship exists between serum____ and_____- ✅✅ Phosphorus
and calcium
Hyperphosphatemia - ✅✅ condition caused by renal failure, chemo, excessive
intake of milk or phosphate-containing laxatives, large intakes of vitamin D
Symptoms of hyperphosphatemia - ✅✅ calcified deposits in soft tissue, joint,
arteries, skin, kidneys and corneas, also neuromuscular irritability and tetany
Treatment of hyperphosphatemia - ✅✅ restriction of foods high in phosphate
(dairy foods), hydration, and correction of hypocalcemic conditions (because
increased calcium causes renal excretion of phosphorus)
Hypophosphatemia - ✅✅ condition caused by malnourishment, malabsorption
syndrome, alcoholism or use of phosphate binding antacids. Symptoms are
impaired cellular energy, o2 delivery, CNS depression, mental changes, muscle
weakness and pain and irregular heart beats
Groups at risk for electrolyte imbalance are? - ✅✅ elderly, people who do
excessive exercise, diabetics, dehydrated people
Hypernatremia - ✅✅ serum sodium >145 meq/L.
Reuptake of sodium is regulated by what hormone? - ✅✅ Aldosterone
Electrolyte needed for nerve impulse transmission and acid/base balance- ✅✅
Sodium
In hypernatremia, water loss in excess of Na loss causes ______________- ✅✅
Fever, diarrhea, heat stroke, osmotic diuretic treatment
In hypernatremia, Na intake in excess of water intake causes______- ✅✅
Hypertonic tube feedings, IV infusions
S/s of hypernatremia - ✅✅ thirst, dry flushed skin, dry mucous membranes. Poor
skin turgor, confusion, restlessness agitation, decreased urine output
Correct Answers
What vitamin helps our body absorb calcium? - ✅✅ Vitamin D
Calcium balance is maintained by______- ✅✅ Parathyroid hormone (PTH),
calcitonin and vitamin D
Decreased_____ decreases calcium binding to albumin, leading to more _calcium-
✅✅ Ph, ionized
____increases bone resorption of calcium, GI absorption of calcium and renal
tubule reabsorption of calcium- ✅✅ PTH
Calcitonin - ✅✅ opposes PTH
Hypercalcemia - ✅✅ condition caused by hyperparathyroidism in 2/3 of cases,
malignancy in 1/3 of cases. The symptoms are reduced excitability of muscles and
nerves, decreased memory, confusion, disorientation, fatigue, muscle weakness,
constipation, cardia dysrhythmias, and renal calculi
Treatment of hypercalcemia - ✅✅ loop diuretic (furosemide) and hydration with
isotonic saline infusion, 3000-4000 ml of fluid daily to avoid kidney stones
Hypocalcemia - ✅✅ a condition caused by anything that decreases PTH, low
calcium in diet, sudden alkalosis, and laxative abuse, treatment is oral or IV
supplement of Calcium + vitamin D and pain/anxiety control
Trousseaus sign - ✅✅ when taking BP, there is a carpal spasm due to low
calcium
Chvosteks sign - ✅✅ tapping the face in front of the ear causes a facial spasm
due to low calhypocalcemia
Phosphate - ✅✅ primary anion in ICF, would have a low value in lab tests, is
essential for function of muscle, RBC and the nervous system
, ______is deposited with calcium for bone and tooth structure, helps with the
acid/base system, is balanced by the kidneys - ✅✅ Phosphate
A reciprocal relationship exists between serum____ and_____- ✅✅ Phosphorus
and calcium
Hyperphosphatemia - ✅✅ condition caused by renal failure, chemo, excessive
intake of milk or phosphate-containing laxatives, large intakes of vitamin D
Symptoms of hyperphosphatemia - ✅✅ calcified deposits in soft tissue, joint,
arteries, skin, kidneys and corneas, also neuromuscular irritability and tetany
Treatment of hyperphosphatemia - ✅✅ restriction of foods high in phosphate
(dairy foods), hydration, and correction of hypocalcemic conditions (because
increased calcium causes renal excretion of phosphorus)
Hypophosphatemia - ✅✅ condition caused by malnourishment, malabsorption
syndrome, alcoholism or use of phosphate binding antacids. Symptoms are
impaired cellular energy, o2 delivery, CNS depression, mental changes, muscle
weakness and pain and irregular heart beats
Groups at risk for electrolyte imbalance are? - ✅✅ elderly, people who do
excessive exercise, diabetics, dehydrated people
Hypernatremia - ✅✅ serum sodium >145 meq/L.
Reuptake of sodium is regulated by what hormone? - ✅✅ Aldosterone
Electrolyte needed for nerve impulse transmission and acid/base balance- ✅✅
Sodium
In hypernatremia, water loss in excess of Na loss causes ______________- ✅✅
Fever, diarrhea, heat stroke, osmotic diuretic treatment
In hypernatremia, Na intake in excess of water intake causes______- ✅✅
Hypertonic tube feedings, IV infusions
S/s of hypernatremia - ✅✅ thirst, dry flushed skin, dry mucous membranes. Poor
skin turgor, confusion, restlessness agitation, decreased urine output
