NSG 530 Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Interphase - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔cell feeds, metabolizes and grows while replicating
DNA in preparation for mitosis
Prophase - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔first appearance of chromosomes (will be 92)
Metaphase - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Centrioles pull chromosomes to opposite sides of
cell (chromatid) - 46 each side
Anaphase - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Centromeres split and sister chromatids are pulled
apart
Telophase - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔New nuclear membrane formed around each group of
46 chromosomes *When it goes right, euploid cells are produced*
Nondisjunction - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Error in meiosis in which homologous
chromosomes fail to separate.
Polyploidy - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔condition in which an organism has extra sets of
chromosomes
Triploidy - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔when an organism has three copies of every
chromsome instead of two
Tetrapoloidy - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔euploid has 92 chromosomes and fetus usually
does not survive
Huntington's disease - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Single gene disorder (trinucleotide repeat
mutation)
Autosomal dominant (50% chance of passing it on)
Progressive neurologic disease with late onset (40s)
, Prevention- genetic testing for pregnancy planning
Cystic fibrosis - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Single gene disorder (CFTR gene mutation)
Autosomal recessive
Most common in white children
Defective transport of chloride ions cause salt imbalance- thickened secretions, digestive
issues, malnutrition. Males and females
Must inherit two copies of gene (1 from each parent)
Turner syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔XO chromosomal disorder, monosomy of X-
affects females
Short stature, webbed neck, undeveloped breasts but female genitalia, usually sterile
Down syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Chromosomal disorder, trisomy 21
Affects both sexes
Intellectual disability, poor muscle tone, low nasal bridge, low set ears, protruding tongue,
epicanthal fold
Fragile X syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Chromosomal disorder (break in long arm
of X)
Higher prevalence in males
Intellectual disability
Klinefelter syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔(XXY) chromosomal disorder 1:1000
male births
Male appearance, sparse body hair, mild intellectual disability
Atrophy - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Decrease in cell size
"When cast is removed from left calf, it is smaller than the right calf"
Hypertrophy - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Increase in cell size
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Interphase - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔cell feeds, metabolizes and grows while replicating
DNA in preparation for mitosis
Prophase - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔first appearance of chromosomes (will be 92)
Metaphase - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Centrioles pull chromosomes to opposite sides of
cell (chromatid) - 46 each side
Anaphase - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Centromeres split and sister chromatids are pulled
apart
Telophase - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔New nuclear membrane formed around each group of
46 chromosomes *When it goes right, euploid cells are produced*
Nondisjunction - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Error in meiosis in which homologous
chromosomes fail to separate.
Polyploidy - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔condition in which an organism has extra sets of
chromosomes
Triploidy - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔when an organism has three copies of every
chromsome instead of two
Tetrapoloidy - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔euploid has 92 chromosomes and fetus usually
does not survive
Huntington's disease - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Single gene disorder (trinucleotide repeat
mutation)
Autosomal dominant (50% chance of passing it on)
Progressive neurologic disease with late onset (40s)
, Prevention- genetic testing for pregnancy planning
Cystic fibrosis - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Single gene disorder (CFTR gene mutation)
Autosomal recessive
Most common in white children
Defective transport of chloride ions cause salt imbalance- thickened secretions, digestive
issues, malnutrition. Males and females
Must inherit two copies of gene (1 from each parent)
Turner syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔XO chromosomal disorder, monosomy of X-
affects females
Short stature, webbed neck, undeveloped breasts but female genitalia, usually sterile
Down syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Chromosomal disorder, trisomy 21
Affects both sexes
Intellectual disability, poor muscle tone, low nasal bridge, low set ears, protruding tongue,
epicanthal fold
Fragile X syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Chromosomal disorder (break in long arm
of X)
Higher prevalence in males
Intellectual disability
Klinefelter syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔(XXY) chromosomal disorder 1:1000
male births
Male appearance, sparse body hair, mild intellectual disability
Atrophy - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Decrease in cell size
"When cast is removed from left calf, it is smaller than the right calf"
Hypertrophy - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Increase in cell size
