ATI PHARMACOLOGY CARDIOVASCULAR EXAM 2024
ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 350 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (100% VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
Define Hemodynamics: - ANSWER: The study of the flow of blood through the body
and the forces that influences the loss of fluid (or fluid) retention and resistance
encountered.
Define Contractility: - ANSWER: The force of the heart's contractions.
Ex: An increase in the availability of calcium in the heart also increases the
contractility (vice versa for decrease).
Define Preload: - ANSWER: The amount of blood in the heart prior to to contraction.
Define Afterload: - ANSWER: The amount of pressure the heart exerts to move
blood.
Determine the Formula for (X):
X = (HR)(SV) - ANSWER: Cardiac Output
Define & List the Major Cause of: Atherosclerosis - ANSWER: Fatty deposits (plaque)
in the walls of arteries which are typically caused elevated lipids or (bad) cholesterol
(ie: Hyperlipidemia, LDL, excess Triglycerides).
Define & List (2) Types of: Thrombi - ANSWER: Blood clots that occur unexpectedly
and are extremely dangerous. Two types are a venous thrombosis and an embolus.
Differentiate between a Venous Thrombosis and an Embolus:
Venous Thrombosis - ANSWER: Blood clot that forms and stays within the vein it
forms in.
Differentiate between a Venous Thrombosis and an Embolus:
An Embolus - ANSWER: Blood clot that breaks away and travels to another part of
the body to where it then becomes lodged and blocks blood flow (including O2) from
reaching any tissue/organ beyond that point.
Classification Drugs that Treat: Hypertension - ANSWER: RAAS Suppressants
Calcium Channel Blockers
Sympathy lyrics
Direct-acting Vasodilators
Pharmacologic Classifications (types) of: RAAS Suppressants - ANSWER: ACE
Inhibitors
ARBs
, Aldosterone Antagonists
Direct Renin Inhibitors
Name Conditions that are Treated by: ACE Inhibitors - ANSWER: Hypertension
Heart Failure
Diabetic Nephropathy
Left Ventricular Dysfunction (following MI)
List Pharmacological Actions of: ACE Inhibitors - ANSWER: BLOCKS productions of
Angiotensin II
-Vasodilation (arteriolar)
-Urinary excretion of sodium and water
-Urinary retention of potassium
Adverse Effects: ACE Inhibitors - ANSWER: Severe Hypotension (following first-dose)
***
Dry, nonproductive cough due to increase in bradykinin
Angioedema (**ER**)
Rash** and report of metallic taste in mouth
Hyperkalemia
Neutropenia
Contra: ACE Inhibitors - ANSWER: Prey Risk D, Lactation
Angioedema (Hx) or allergy to drug type
Hypotension
Liver Disease w/ Elevated Liver Enzymes
Precautions: ACE Inhibitors - ANSWER: Decreased Renal Fx
Bone Marrow depression or Use of immunosuppressant drugs
Autoimmune disorders
Cardiovascular disease
Cerebral vascular disease
Heart failure
Hyperkalemia and Hyponatremia
Older Adults (<65 y/o)
Interactions: ACE Inhibitors - ANSWER: Potassium-sparing diuretics, potassium
supplements or use of salt substitutes increase risk of HYPERKALEMIA
Antihypertensive drugs, diuretics and nitrates (incld. Nitro) increase risk for
HYPOTENSION
NSAIDs may decrease effectiveness
Food decreases absorption of ca___pril
(This drug type) may cause lithium toxicity (for pt's Rx Lithium)
Name Conditions that are Treated by: ARBs - ANSWER: Hypertension
Prevents Stroke *(los___tan only)
Manages diabetic nephropathy *(los__tan and irb__tan [Avapro] only)
ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 350 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (100% VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
Define Hemodynamics: - ANSWER: The study of the flow of blood through the body
and the forces that influences the loss of fluid (or fluid) retention and resistance
encountered.
Define Contractility: - ANSWER: The force of the heart's contractions.
Ex: An increase in the availability of calcium in the heart also increases the
contractility (vice versa for decrease).
Define Preload: - ANSWER: The amount of blood in the heart prior to to contraction.
Define Afterload: - ANSWER: The amount of pressure the heart exerts to move
blood.
Determine the Formula for (X):
X = (HR)(SV) - ANSWER: Cardiac Output
Define & List the Major Cause of: Atherosclerosis - ANSWER: Fatty deposits (plaque)
in the walls of arteries which are typically caused elevated lipids or (bad) cholesterol
(ie: Hyperlipidemia, LDL, excess Triglycerides).
Define & List (2) Types of: Thrombi - ANSWER: Blood clots that occur unexpectedly
and are extremely dangerous. Two types are a venous thrombosis and an embolus.
Differentiate between a Venous Thrombosis and an Embolus:
Venous Thrombosis - ANSWER: Blood clot that forms and stays within the vein it
forms in.
Differentiate between a Venous Thrombosis and an Embolus:
An Embolus - ANSWER: Blood clot that breaks away and travels to another part of
the body to where it then becomes lodged and blocks blood flow (including O2) from
reaching any tissue/organ beyond that point.
Classification Drugs that Treat: Hypertension - ANSWER: RAAS Suppressants
Calcium Channel Blockers
Sympathy lyrics
Direct-acting Vasodilators
Pharmacologic Classifications (types) of: RAAS Suppressants - ANSWER: ACE
Inhibitors
ARBs
, Aldosterone Antagonists
Direct Renin Inhibitors
Name Conditions that are Treated by: ACE Inhibitors - ANSWER: Hypertension
Heart Failure
Diabetic Nephropathy
Left Ventricular Dysfunction (following MI)
List Pharmacological Actions of: ACE Inhibitors - ANSWER: BLOCKS productions of
Angiotensin II
-Vasodilation (arteriolar)
-Urinary excretion of sodium and water
-Urinary retention of potassium
Adverse Effects: ACE Inhibitors - ANSWER: Severe Hypotension (following first-dose)
***
Dry, nonproductive cough due to increase in bradykinin
Angioedema (**ER**)
Rash** and report of metallic taste in mouth
Hyperkalemia
Neutropenia
Contra: ACE Inhibitors - ANSWER: Prey Risk D, Lactation
Angioedema (Hx) or allergy to drug type
Hypotension
Liver Disease w/ Elevated Liver Enzymes
Precautions: ACE Inhibitors - ANSWER: Decreased Renal Fx
Bone Marrow depression or Use of immunosuppressant drugs
Autoimmune disorders
Cardiovascular disease
Cerebral vascular disease
Heart failure
Hyperkalemia and Hyponatremia
Older Adults (<65 y/o)
Interactions: ACE Inhibitors - ANSWER: Potassium-sparing diuretics, potassium
supplements or use of salt substitutes increase risk of HYPERKALEMIA
Antihypertensive drugs, diuretics and nitrates (incld. Nitro) increase risk for
HYPOTENSION
NSAIDs may decrease effectiveness
Food decreases absorption of ca___pril
(This drug type) may cause lithium toxicity (for pt's Rx Lithium)
Name Conditions that are Treated by: ARBs - ANSWER: Hypertension
Prevents Stroke *(los___tan only)
Manages diabetic nephropathy *(los__tan and irb__tan [Avapro] only)
