A PACKAGE DEAL FOR USAHS CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE
EXAM 1 2 AND 3 ACTUAL EXAM BEST MATERIAL FOR
ACTUAL EXAM
What is the order of layers that protect the brain? - ANSWER: S- skin
C- connective tissue
A- aponeurosa
L- loose connective tissue
P- pericranium
Which layer of the meninges is perforated to allow room for cranial nerves and
blood vessels? - ANSWER: Dura mater
Separations of the ________ membranes create sinuses that are important for the
venous drainage system. - ANSWER: Dura
The _____________ layer has trabeculae that suspend the brain. - ANSWER:
Arachnoid
True or false:
Arachnoid granulation serve as one way valves to the duralumin sinus. - ANSWER:
True
True or false:
Dentate ligaments are pia mater. - ANSWER: True
What is significant about the epidural space? - ANSWER: It contains the middle
meningeal artery (a branch off of the external carotid)
What goes through foramen spinosum? - ANSWER: middle meningeal artery
An ___________ _____________ is typically the result of traumatic rupture of the
MMA due to temporal bone fracture. May initially be asymptomatic but within hours
have increased ICP, herniation, and death. - ANSWER: Epidural hematoma
The ____________ space is between the dura and the arachnoid. Contains bridging
veins that cross at the subdural space and drain into the venous sinuses. - ANSWER:
Subdural
What is a subdural hematoma? - ANSWER: Rupture of the bridging veins which are
susceptible to shear forces. Two types: chronic (elderly) and acute
The _______________ space is between the arachnoid and pia mater. Contains
major arteries of the brain as well as CSF. - ANSWER: Subarachnoid
, What is a subarachnoid hemorrhage? - ANSWER: Two types: traumatic and non
traumatic, bleeding into the CSF, presents as a severe HA
Common herniations? - ANSWER: Central, tonsillar, uncal transtenorial, *ONE MORE
CHECK fig. 5.8)
The neural tube becomes the _____________. - ANSWER: Ventricles
The third ventricle is surrounded by the ____________. - ANSWER: Diencephalon
(thalamus)
What is the flow of CSF? - ANSWER: Lateral ventricles through the foramen of
Monroe to the 3rd ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct to the 4th ventricle and
out through the foramen of magendie
True or false:
The choroid plexus exists within each of the ventricles and is constantly producing
CSF, creating a small pressure gradient. - ANSWER: True (functions are buoyancy,
cushioning, cleaning, and ionic balance)
The choroid plexus is made of _____________ cells that produce CSF and assist in
circulating it by movement of their cilli. - ANSWER: Ependymal
_________ are large pockets in the subarachnoid space. - ANSWER: Cistern
What is the cistern that is located between the cerebellum and medulla? - ANSWER:
Cisterna magna (cerebellar medullary cistern); other cisterns are the pontine and
interpeduncular.
There is a large cistern found in the lumbar area of the spine; it is useful because it
provides a place to extract ________ through a lumbar puncture. - ANSWER: CSF
Normal CSF pressures? - ANSWER: Adult: 80-180mm of h2o
Obese adult: 250mm h2o
Infant: 10-100mm h2o
What is the normal visual appearance of CSF? - ANSWER: Sparkling clear (abnormal
would be cloudy or colored)
What is a normal cell count for CSF? - ANSWER: normal: <5 wbc's/mm^3
suspicious: >5 up to 10 wbc's/mm^3
pathological: >10 wbc's/mm^3
What is the chemistry of CSF? - ANSWER: pH 7.33
Sugar 60-80% of blood sugar
True or false:
EXAM 1 2 AND 3 ACTUAL EXAM BEST MATERIAL FOR
ACTUAL EXAM
What is the order of layers that protect the brain? - ANSWER: S- skin
C- connective tissue
A- aponeurosa
L- loose connective tissue
P- pericranium
Which layer of the meninges is perforated to allow room for cranial nerves and
blood vessels? - ANSWER: Dura mater
Separations of the ________ membranes create sinuses that are important for the
venous drainage system. - ANSWER: Dura
The _____________ layer has trabeculae that suspend the brain. - ANSWER:
Arachnoid
True or false:
Arachnoid granulation serve as one way valves to the duralumin sinus. - ANSWER:
True
True or false:
Dentate ligaments are pia mater. - ANSWER: True
What is significant about the epidural space? - ANSWER: It contains the middle
meningeal artery (a branch off of the external carotid)
What goes through foramen spinosum? - ANSWER: middle meningeal artery
An ___________ _____________ is typically the result of traumatic rupture of the
MMA due to temporal bone fracture. May initially be asymptomatic but within hours
have increased ICP, herniation, and death. - ANSWER: Epidural hematoma
The ____________ space is between the dura and the arachnoid. Contains bridging
veins that cross at the subdural space and drain into the venous sinuses. - ANSWER:
Subdural
What is a subdural hematoma? - ANSWER: Rupture of the bridging veins which are
susceptible to shear forces. Two types: chronic (elderly) and acute
The _______________ space is between the arachnoid and pia mater. Contains
major arteries of the brain as well as CSF. - ANSWER: Subarachnoid
, What is a subarachnoid hemorrhage? - ANSWER: Two types: traumatic and non
traumatic, bleeding into the CSF, presents as a severe HA
Common herniations? - ANSWER: Central, tonsillar, uncal transtenorial, *ONE MORE
CHECK fig. 5.8)
The neural tube becomes the _____________. - ANSWER: Ventricles
The third ventricle is surrounded by the ____________. - ANSWER: Diencephalon
(thalamus)
What is the flow of CSF? - ANSWER: Lateral ventricles through the foramen of
Monroe to the 3rd ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct to the 4th ventricle and
out through the foramen of magendie
True or false:
The choroid plexus exists within each of the ventricles and is constantly producing
CSF, creating a small pressure gradient. - ANSWER: True (functions are buoyancy,
cushioning, cleaning, and ionic balance)
The choroid plexus is made of _____________ cells that produce CSF and assist in
circulating it by movement of their cilli. - ANSWER: Ependymal
_________ are large pockets in the subarachnoid space. - ANSWER: Cistern
What is the cistern that is located between the cerebellum and medulla? - ANSWER:
Cisterna magna (cerebellar medullary cistern); other cisterns are the pontine and
interpeduncular.
There is a large cistern found in the lumbar area of the spine; it is useful because it
provides a place to extract ________ through a lumbar puncture. - ANSWER: CSF
Normal CSF pressures? - ANSWER: Adult: 80-180mm of h2o
Obese adult: 250mm h2o
Infant: 10-100mm h2o
What is the normal visual appearance of CSF? - ANSWER: Sparkling clear (abnormal
would be cloudy or colored)
What is a normal cell count for CSF? - ANSWER: normal: <5 wbc's/mm^3
suspicious: >5 up to 10 wbc's/mm^3
pathological: >10 wbc's/mm^3
What is the chemistry of CSF? - ANSWER: pH 7.33
Sugar 60-80% of blood sugar
True or false:
