CHAMBERLAIN- NREMT EXAM
2024/2025 WITH 100% ACCURATE
ANSWERS
carbon dioxide retention and hypoxic drive - CORRECT ANSWER-CO2 retention can
occur due to COPD usually
-COPD alter's drive to breathe
-people with chronically high CO2, body gets used to high levels and instead begins to
base drive to breathe on low oxygen levels
dyspnea - CORRECT ANSWER-shortness of breath
-shallow, rapid breathing and anxiety
croup - CORRECT ANSWER an acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants
characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and a barking cough
respiratory syncytial virus - CORRECT ANSWERA highly contagious virus that causes
an infection of the upper and lower respiratory system.
pneumonia - CORRECT ANSWER-inflammation of the lungs
-sharp and localized chest pain that is made worse when breathing
-crackles and rhonchi (low pitched rattling lung sounds)
acute pulmonary edema - CORRECT ANSWER-excess fluid on the lungs
-can occur suddenly due to CHF
-sx: SOB, pink, frothy sputum, cough, crackles/rales
-o2 and lasix
-orthopnea (difficulty breathing when lying down)
COPD - CORRECT ANSWER-damage to alveoli
-often due to smoking
-wheezing, SOB, coughing
asthma - CORRECT ANSWER-a chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of
severe breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing
-bronchodilators
anaphylaxis - CORRECT ANSWER-severe allergic reaction
-sx: trouble breathing, stridor, hives
-epinephrine and airway management
pleural effusion - CORRECT ANSWER-accumulation of fluid outside the lungs in pleural
space
,-can occur due to infection, CHF, cancer
-sx: SOB, decreased breath sounds over affected area
cystic fibrosis - CORRECT ANSWER-chronic inherited disease
-affects digestive system and lungs
-excessive mucus production, wheezing, dyspnea
status asthmatics - CORRECT ANSWER a severe, life-threatening asthma attack that is
refractory to usual treatment and places the patient at risk for developing respiratory
failure.
metered dose inhaler - CORRECT ANSWER-small spray canisters
-used to deliver respiratory meds to the lungs
-bronchodilators open airways and some steroids that decrease inflammation
small volume nebulizer - CORRECT ANSWER-can be used to deliver respiratory meds
through a fine mist that patient inhales
-albuterol usually (bronchodilator)
-can treat asthma and COPD
where to auscultate lungs - CORRECT ANSWER-midclavicular line near second
intercostal; left and right
-midaxillary line near fourth intercostal; left and right
-midclavicular line above and below shoulder blade
whether to ventilate or not - CORRECT ANSWER-ventilate if patient has inadequate
breathing rate or tidal volume
-if they have proper, but appear to be in respiratory distress, give O2 and do not
ventilate
infant vital signs - CORRECT ANSWER-birth to 1 year
-HR: 100-160; usually 120; 100-140 by one year
-RR: 30-60 newborn; 25-50 by one year
-systolic: 70 at birth to 90 at 1 year
-temp: 98-100
toddler vital signs - CORRECT ANSWER-1-2 years
-HR: 90-140
-RR: 20-30
-systolic: 80-90
-temp: 96.8-99.6
preschool age vital signs - CORRECT ANSWER-3-5 years
-80-130 bpm
-20-25 breaths
-SBP: 90 to 110
,-96.8 to 99.6
school-age children vital signs - CORRECT ANSWER6-11 years old
-70 to 110 bpm
-15-20 breaths
-SBP: 90-120
-98.6
adolescent vital signs - CORRECT ANSWER-12 to 18 years
-60-100 bpm
-12-20 breaths
-100 to 120
-98.6
adult vital signs - CORRECT ANSWER-60-100 bpm
-12 to 20 breaths
-110/70 to 130/90
-98.6
acute coronary syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER-description of all symptoms brought
on my myocardial ischemia
-two categories are angina pectoris and AMI
angina pectoris - CORRECT ANSWER-decrease O2 or arterial spasm
-can be present during stress or physical exertion
-squeezing, pressure sensation, like reflux or GERD
-may be jaw, arm pain, nausea
acute myocardial infarction - CORRECT ANSWER-the condition in which a portion of
the myocardium dies as a result of oxygen starvation
-nausea, sweating, chest pressure/squeezing, arm, jaw, lower back/abdom pain
nitroglycerin - CORRECT ANSWER-used to relieve chest pain through vasodilation
-forms used by patients usually include sublingual tablets or sprays and transdermal
patches
-contraindications:
-have taken erectile dysfunction meds within the past 24 hours, SBP below 100
-side effects:
-tachycardia
-max dosage is 3 doses every 5 minutes
congestive heart failure - CORRECT ANSWER-heart's pumping mechanism is weaker
-fluid stasis around heart and congestion in lungs
dependent edema - CORRECT ANSWER-gravity-related swelling in lower body
, hypertensive emergency - CORRECT ANSWER-ideal BP: 120/80
-HTN: 140/90 or higher
-normally over 180
-evidence of impending irreversible organ damage to at least one system (brain, heart,
etc.)
12 lead EKG - CORRECT ANSWER-10 electrodes: V1-V6 & 4 limbs take different
angles of the heart
5 links in chain of survival - CORRECT ANSWER The system components of CPR
1. Early Access
2. Early CPR
3. Early defibrillation / AED
4. Early advanced care
5. Integrated post-arrest care
AED with pacemakers/implanted defies - CORRECT ANSWER-avoid placing AED pads
over these devices
-place AED pad directly below the device
-the anterior/posterior pad position may also be used
AED with wet patients - CORRECT ANSWERAED should not be used in these
conditions
lateral recumbent (recovery) position - CORRECT ANSWER-the patient is lying on their
left or right side
-if lying on one side for more than 30 minutes, turn to other side
Fowler position - CORRECT ANSWER-patient is lying on back with upper body
elevated at 45 to 60 degree angle
Semi-Fowler - CORRECT ANSWER-the same as Fowler, but upper body elevated at
less than 45 degrees
Trendelenburg position - CORRECT ANSWER-patient lying on back on an incline with
their legs up and head down
-no longer recommended
shock position - CORRECT ANSWER-lying on back with feet and legs elevated 12
inches
-no longer recommended for shock
-may be used for patients that have fainted and do not have spinal injuries
spinal column - CORRECT ANSWER-cervical (7)
-thoracic (12)
-lumbar (5)
2024/2025 WITH 100% ACCURATE
ANSWERS
carbon dioxide retention and hypoxic drive - CORRECT ANSWER-CO2 retention can
occur due to COPD usually
-COPD alter's drive to breathe
-people with chronically high CO2, body gets used to high levels and instead begins to
base drive to breathe on low oxygen levels
dyspnea - CORRECT ANSWER-shortness of breath
-shallow, rapid breathing and anxiety
croup - CORRECT ANSWER an acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants
characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and a barking cough
respiratory syncytial virus - CORRECT ANSWERA highly contagious virus that causes
an infection of the upper and lower respiratory system.
pneumonia - CORRECT ANSWER-inflammation of the lungs
-sharp and localized chest pain that is made worse when breathing
-crackles and rhonchi (low pitched rattling lung sounds)
acute pulmonary edema - CORRECT ANSWER-excess fluid on the lungs
-can occur suddenly due to CHF
-sx: SOB, pink, frothy sputum, cough, crackles/rales
-o2 and lasix
-orthopnea (difficulty breathing when lying down)
COPD - CORRECT ANSWER-damage to alveoli
-often due to smoking
-wheezing, SOB, coughing
asthma - CORRECT ANSWER-a chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of
severe breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing
-bronchodilators
anaphylaxis - CORRECT ANSWER-severe allergic reaction
-sx: trouble breathing, stridor, hives
-epinephrine and airway management
pleural effusion - CORRECT ANSWER-accumulation of fluid outside the lungs in pleural
space
,-can occur due to infection, CHF, cancer
-sx: SOB, decreased breath sounds over affected area
cystic fibrosis - CORRECT ANSWER-chronic inherited disease
-affects digestive system and lungs
-excessive mucus production, wheezing, dyspnea
status asthmatics - CORRECT ANSWER a severe, life-threatening asthma attack that is
refractory to usual treatment and places the patient at risk for developing respiratory
failure.
metered dose inhaler - CORRECT ANSWER-small spray canisters
-used to deliver respiratory meds to the lungs
-bronchodilators open airways and some steroids that decrease inflammation
small volume nebulizer - CORRECT ANSWER-can be used to deliver respiratory meds
through a fine mist that patient inhales
-albuterol usually (bronchodilator)
-can treat asthma and COPD
where to auscultate lungs - CORRECT ANSWER-midclavicular line near second
intercostal; left and right
-midaxillary line near fourth intercostal; left and right
-midclavicular line above and below shoulder blade
whether to ventilate or not - CORRECT ANSWER-ventilate if patient has inadequate
breathing rate or tidal volume
-if they have proper, but appear to be in respiratory distress, give O2 and do not
ventilate
infant vital signs - CORRECT ANSWER-birth to 1 year
-HR: 100-160; usually 120; 100-140 by one year
-RR: 30-60 newborn; 25-50 by one year
-systolic: 70 at birth to 90 at 1 year
-temp: 98-100
toddler vital signs - CORRECT ANSWER-1-2 years
-HR: 90-140
-RR: 20-30
-systolic: 80-90
-temp: 96.8-99.6
preschool age vital signs - CORRECT ANSWER-3-5 years
-80-130 bpm
-20-25 breaths
-SBP: 90 to 110
,-96.8 to 99.6
school-age children vital signs - CORRECT ANSWER6-11 years old
-70 to 110 bpm
-15-20 breaths
-SBP: 90-120
-98.6
adolescent vital signs - CORRECT ANSWER-12 to 18 years
-60-100 bpm
-12-20 breaths
-100 to 120
-98.6
adult vital signs - CORRECT ANSWER-60-100 bpm
-12 to 20 breaths
-110/70 to 130/90
-98.6
acute coronary syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER-description of all symptoms brought
on my myocardial ischemia
-two categories are angina pectoris and AMI
angina pectoris - CORRECT ANSWER-decrease O2 or arterial spasm
-can be present during stress or physical exertion
-squeezing, pressure sensation, like reflux or GERD
-may be jaw, arm pain, nausea
acute myocardial infarction - CORRECT ANSWER-the condition in which a portion of
the myocardium dies as a result of oxygen starvation
-nausea, sweating, chest pressure/squeezing, arm, jaw, lower back/abdom pain
nitroglycerin - CORRECT ANSWER-used to relieve chest pain through vasodilation
-forms used by patients usually include sublingual tablets or sprays and transdermal
patches
-contraindications:
-have taken erectile dysfunction meds within the past 24 hours, SBP below 100
-side effects:
-tachycardia
-max dosage is 3 doses every 5 minutes
congestive heart failure - CORRECT ANSWER-heart's pumping mechanism is weaker
-fluid stasis around heart and congestion in lungs
dependent edema - CORRECT ANSWER-gravity-related swelling in lower body
, hypertensive emergency - CORRECT ANSWER-ideal BP: 120/80
-HTN: 140/90 or higher
-normally over 180
-evidence of impending irreversible organ damage to at least one system (brain, heart,
etc.)
12 lead EKG - CORRECT ANSWER-10 electrodes: V1-V6 & 4 limbs take different
angles of the heart
5 links in chain of survival - CORRECT ANSWER The system components of CPR
1. Early Access
2. Early CPR
3. Early defibrillation / AED
4. Early advanced care
5. Integrated post-arrest care
AED with pacemakers/implanted defies - CORRECT ANSWER-avoid placing AED pads
over these devices
-place AED pad directly below the device
-the anterior/posterior pad position may also be used
AED with wet patients - CORRECT ANSWERAED should not be used in these
conditions
lateral recumbent (recovery) position - CORRECT ANSWER-the patient is lying on their
left or right side
-if lying on one side for more than 30 minutes, turn to other side
Fowler position - CORRECT ANSWER-patient is lying on back with upper body
elevated at 45 to 60 degree angle
Semi-Fowler - CORRECT ANSWER-the same as Fowler, but upper body elevated at
less than 45 degrees
Trendelenburg position - CORRECT ANSWER-patient lying on back on an incline with
their legs up and head down
-no longer recommended
shock position - CORRECT ANSWER-lying on back with feet and legs elevated 12
inches
-no longer recommended for shock
-may be used for patients that have fainted and do not have spinal injuries
spinal column - CORRECT ANSWER-cervical (7)
-thoracic (12)
-lumbar (5)
