1
BIOC34
Human Physiology II
Midterm Examination 2021
Date: Saturday March 13 2021
Time: 1:00 to 3:30 PM
Duration: 2.5 hours
Location: Quercus
Instructor: Dr. Stephen Reid
General Instructions
1. In all cases, choose the correct or best answer. Each question is worth 1 mark. There are 65
questions.
2. Basic calculators are permitted.
3. The University of Toronto's Code of Behaviour on Academic Matters applies to all University
of Toronto Scarborough students. The Code prohibits all forms of academic dishonesty including,
but not limited to, cheating, plagiarism, and the use of unauthorized aids. Students violating the
Code may be subject to penalties up to and including suspension or expulsion from the
University.
, 2
1. Which of the following valves separate the right atria from the right ventricle?
a) The aortic valve.
b) The pulmonary valve.
c) The bicuspid valve.
d) The tricuspid valve.
2. The wave of depolarisation that travels along the conduction pathway of the heart is
fastest as it transits through which of the following?
a) The atria.
b) The intermodal pathways.
c) The AV node.
d) The branch bundles.
e) The ventricles.
3. Neurons have a stable resting potential but pacemaker cells continuously depolarise
between action potentials. This intrinsic depolarisation is most likely due to the:
a) Opening of Ca2+ channels and the acceleration of Ca2+ influx.
b) Closing of K+ channels and the acceleration of K+ influx.
c) Opening of K+ channels and the slowing of K+ efflux.
d) Opening of Na+ channels and the acceleration of Na+ influx.
e) Closing of Na+ channels and the slowing of Na+ influx.
4. Which of the following events contribute to the repolarisation that occurs during the
initial (“first”) repolarization phase of the cardiac action potential?
a) Closure of Na+ channels.
b) Closure of Na+ channels; Closure of the inward-rectifying K+ channels.
c) Closure of Na+ channels; Closure of the inward-rectifying K+ channels; Opening of L-type Ca++
channels.
d) Closure of L-type Ca++ channels; Closure of Na+ channels.
e) Closure of L-type Ca++ channels; Closure of Na+ channels; Closure of the inward-rectifying K+
channels.
5. Which of the following occurs during phase three of the cardiac action potential?
a) An increase in Ca++ permeability and a decrease in K+ permeability.
b) A decrease in Na+ permeability and an increase in K+ permeability.
c) A decrease in K+ permeability and a decrease in Ca2+ permeability.
d) A decrease in Na+ permeability and a decrease in Ca2+ permeability.
e) An increase in K+ permeability and a decrease in Ca2+ permeability.
, 3
6. Identify the electrical events in the heart that are not visible during the QRS complex of
the ECG?
a) Atrial repolarisation.
b) Ventricular depolarisation.
c) Atrial depolarisation.
d) A and B.
e) A and C.
7. The R-R distance, the P-Q (P-R) distance and the T-Q distance of the ECG represent
, and , respectively.
a) Instantaneous heart rate, ventricular diastole and ventricular systole.
b) Instantaneous heart rate, time of conduction through the AV node and ventricular diastole.
c) Average heart rate, time of conduction through the AV node and ventricular diastole.
d) Average heart rate, time of conduction through the SA node and ventricular diastole.
e) Instantaneous heart rate, time of conduction through the AV node and ventricular systole.
8. Which of the following standard limb leads and augmented unipolar limb leads share the
same positive pole?
a) Lead I and aVL; Lead II and aVR; Lead III and aVR.
b) Lead I and aVL; Lead II and aVF; Lead III and aVF.
c) Lead I and aVL; Lead II and aVR; Lead III and aVF.
d) Lead I and aVL; Lead II and aVF; Lead III and aVR.
e) Lead I and aVR; Lead II and aVF; Lead III and aVF.
9. There are mechanical receptors in the lung that monitor the degree of lung inflation. If a
person holds their breath, these receptors will send signals to the brain to indicate that the
lung is inflated in a breath hold. In a person with a sinus arrhythmia, which of the following
are features of the ECG trace that is generated during the breath hold? It is not relevant to
this question that lung stretch receptors were not covered in the first 12 lectures.
a) P waves will all be the same shape.
b) The P-Q(R) distances will all be the same.
c) QRS Complex will occur with regularity.
d) All of the above will occur.
10. If a P-wave appears without a corresponding T-wave or QRS Complex on an ECG
trace, what is the most likely diagnosis?
a) There is abnormal conduction through the AV node into the ventricles.
b) There is a right branch bundle block.
c) The right ventricle does not depolarise to its normal extent.
d) A and B.
e) B and C.
BIOC34
Human Physiology II
Midterm Examination 2021
Date: Saturday March 13 2021
Time: 1:00 to 3:30 PM
Duration: 2.5 hours
Location: Quercus
Instructor: Dr. Stephen Reid
General Instructions
1. In all cases, choose the correct or best answer. Each question is worth 1 mark. There are 65
questions.
2. Basic calculators are permitted.
3. The University of Toronto's Code of Behaviour on Academic Matters applies to all University
of Toronto Scarborough students. The Code prohibits all forms of academic dishonesty including,
but not limited to, cheating, plagiarism, and the use of unauthorized aids. Students violating the
Code may be subject to penalties up to and including suspension or expulsion from the
University.
, 2
1. Which of the following valves separate the right atria from the right ventricle?
a) The aortic valve.
b) The pulmonary valve.
c) The bicuspid valve.
d) The tricuspid valve.
2. The wave of depolarisation that travels along the conduction pathway of the heart is
fastest as it transits through which of the following?
a) The atria.
b) The intermodal pathways.
c) The AV node.
d) The branch bundles.
e) The ventricles.
3. Neurons have a stable resting potential but pacemaker cells continuously depolarise
between action potentials. This intrinsic depolarisation is most likely due to the:
a) Opening of Ca2+ channels and the acceleration of Ca2+ influx.
b) Closing of K+ channels and the acceleration of K+ influx.
c) Opening of K+ channels and the slowing of K+ efflux.
d) Opening of Na+ channels and the acceleration of Na+ influx.
e) Closing of Na+ channels and the slowing of Na+ influx.
4. Which of the following events contribute to the repolarisation that occurs during the
initial (“first”) repolarization phase of the cardiac action potential?
a) Closure of Na+ channels.
b) Closure of Na+ channels; Closure of the inward-rectifying K+ channels.
c) Closure of Na+ channels; Closure of the inward-rectifying K+ channels; Opening of L-type Ca++
channels.
d) Closure of L-type Ca++ channels; Closure of Na+ channels.
e) Closure of L-type Ca++ channels; Closure of Na+ channels; Closure of the inward-rectifying K+
channels.
5. Which of the following occurs during phase three of the cardiac action potential?
a) An increase in Ca++ permeability and a decrease in K+ permeability.
b) A decrease in Na+ permeability and an increase in K+ permeability.
c) A decrease in K+ permeability and a decrease in Ca2+ permeability.
d) A decrease in Na+ permeability and a decrease in Ca2+ permeability.
e) An increase in K+ permeability and a decrease in Ca2+ permeability.
, 3
6. Identify the electrical events in the heart that are not visible during the QRS complex of
the ECG?
a) Atrial repolarisation.
b) Ventricular depolarisation.
c) Atrial depolarisation.
d) A and B.
e) A and C.
7. The R-R distance, the P-Q (P-R) distance and the T-Q distance of the ECG represent
, and , respectively.
a) Instantaneous heart rate, ventricular diastole and ventricular systole.
b) Instantaneous heart rate, time of conduction through the AV node and ventricular diastole.
c) Average heart rate, time of conduction through the AV node and ventricular diastole.
d) Average heart rate, time of conduction through the SA node and ventricular diastole.
e) Instantaneous heart rate, time of conduction through the AV node and ventricular systole.
8. Which of the following standard limb leads and augmented unipolar limb leads share the
same positive pole?
a) Lead I and aVL; Lead II and aVR; Lead III and aVR.
b) Lead I and aVL; Lead II and aVF; Lead III and aVF.
c) Lead I and aVL; Lead II and aVR; Lead III and aVF.
d) Lead I and aVL; Lead II and aVF; Lead III and aVR.
e) Lead I and aVR; Lead II and aVF; Lead III and aVF.
9. There are mechanical receptors in the lung that monitor the degree of lung inflation. If a
person holds their breath, these receptors will send signals to the brain to indicate that the
lung is inflated in a breath hold. In a person with a sinus arrhythmia, which of the following
are features of the ECG trace that is generated during the breath hold? It is not relevant to
this question that lung stretch receptors were not covered in the first 12 lectures.
a) P waves will all be the same shape.
b) The P-Q(R) distances will all be the same.
c) QRS Complex will occur with regularity.
d) All of the above will occur.
10. If a P-wave appears without a corresponding T-wave or QRS Complex on an ECG
trace, what is the most likely diagnosis?
a) There is abnormal conduction through the AV node into the ventricles.
b) There is a right branch bundle block.
c) The right ventricle does not depolarise to its normal extent.
d) A and B.
e) B and C.
