Respiratory System Function - ANSWER -exchange of O2 and CO2
through inspiration and expiration
-supply O2 to cells
-Remove CO2(Waste) from cells
Pharynx - ANSWER -has a function for respiratory and digestive
-responsible for vowel sounds
Larynx - ANSWER -contains vocal cords, thyroid cartilage, and
epiglottis
Bronchi - ANSWER -branches left and right after trachea, right side
shorter than left
Respiratory Center in Medulla - ANSWER -controls breathing
-stimulated by O2 and CO2 in arterial blood
Chemoreceptors in aorta and carotid arteries - ANSWER -monitor pH,
O2, and CO2 amounts
-pH, increase in CO2, or decrease in O2 signals the phrenic nerves,
which tells body to increase or decrease breathing
-respiratory muscles stimulated by phrenic nerves
Effects of Age on Respiratory system - ANSWER -muscles become less
elastic
-vocal cords slacken
-laryngeal muscles becomes less elastic
-cilia decreases
-lung elasticity decreases
-less alveoli
*Overall decreased chest movement, less effective cough,increased
work breathing, and decreased exercise ability
Respiratory Nursing Assessment - ANSWER -History: Allergies,
smoking, chronic disorder, exposed to irritants
, -VS: Tachy(to compensate), pain, RR
-Nose/Sinuses: Flaring of nostrils, deviated septum, sinuses swollen or
tender
-Mouth/Lips/pharynx: cyanotic, pursed lips breathing
-Trachea mid-line/lymph nodes/chest
-Cardio: HF, chronic lung disease
-Abdomen: distended putting pressure on diaphragm
-Extremities: color, edema, clubbing
CBC for Respiratory - ANSWER -elevated WBC indicative of infection
-elevated Red count indicative of chronic lung disease
AGB - ANSWER -taken in the radial artery
- determine pH 7.35-7.45
-PCO2 elevated indicative of respiratory acidosis
-PCO2 below normal indicative of respiratory alkalosis
*both related to lung function
-HCO3 below normal indicative of metabolic acidosis
-HCO3 elevated indicative of metabolic alkalosis
* both related to kidney function
Nasal/Throat Culture - ANSWER -helps to determine sinusitis, strep
throat, etc...
Sputum Analysis - ANSWER -Collection: should be taken in the
morning, preferably before antibiotics are given, instruct patient to take a
deep breath and cough, as little saliva as possible. Keep specimen at
room temp.
-Charting: volume, consistency, color, odor
-Type: Culture and sensitivity, gram stain, Acid Fast Bacillus, cytology--
to determine cancer
Radiographic - ANSWER Chest X-Ray: Patho or line placement
Scans: ventilation - perfusion (looking for PE)
Imaging - ANSWER -CT and MRI: used to find tumors or lesions
-Angiography: die injected to visually see circulatory system
-Fluoroscopy: motion of lungs as patient breaths
through inspiration and expiration
-supply O2 to cells
-Remove CO2(Waste) from cells
Pharynx - ANSWER -has a function for respiratory and digestive
-responsible for vowel sounds
Larynx - ANSWER -contains vocal cords, thyroid cartilage, and
epiglottis
Bronchi - ANSWER -branches left and right after trachea, right side
shorter than left
Respiratory Center in Medulla - ANSWER -controls breathing
-stimulated by O2 and CO2 in arterial blood
Chemoreceptors in aorta and carotid arteries - ANSWER -monitor pH,
O2, and CO2 amounts
-pH, increase in CO2, or decrease in O2 signals the phrenic nerves,
which tells body to increase or decrease breathing
-respiratory muscles stimulated by phrenic nerves
Effects of Age on Respiratory system - ANSWER -muscles become less
elastic
-vocal cords slacken
-laryngeal muscles becomes less elastic
-cilia decreases
-lung elasticity decreases
-less alveoli
*Overall decreased chest movement, less effective cough,increased
work breathing, and decreased exercise ability
Respiratory Nursing Assessment - ANSWER -History: Allergies,
smoking, chronic disorder, exposed to irritants
, -VS: Tachy(to compensate), pain, RR
-Nose/Sinuses: Flaring of nostrils, deviated septum, sinuses swollen or
tender
-Mouth/Lips/pharynx: cyanotic, pursed lips breathing
-Trachea mid-line/lymph nodes/chest
-Cardio: HF, chronic lung disease
-Abdomen: distended putting pressure on diaphragm
-Extremities: color, edema, clubbing
CBC for Respiratory - ANSWER -elevated WBC indicative of infection
-elevated Red count indicative of chronic lung disease
AGB - ANSWER -taken in the radial artery
- determine pH 7.35-7.45
-PCO2 elevated indicative of respiratory acidosis
-PCO2 below normal indicative of respiratory alkalosis
*both related to lung function
-HCO3 below normal indicative of metabolic acidosis
-HCO3 elevated indicative of metabolic alkalosis
* both related to kidney function
Nasal/Throat Culture - ANSWER -helps to determine sinusitis, strep
throat, etc...
Sputum Analysis - ANSWER -Collection: should be taken in the
morning, preferably before antibiotics are given, instruct patient to take a
deep breath and cough, as little saliva as possible. Keep specimen at
room temp.
-Charting: volume, consistency, color, odor
-Type: Culture and sensitivity, gram stain, Acid Fast Bacillus, cytology--
to determine cancer
Radiographic - ANSWER Chest X-Ray: Patho or line placement
Scans: ventilation - perfusion (looking for PE)
Imaging - ANSWER -CT and MRI: used to find tumors or lesions
-Angiography: die injected to visually see circulatory system
-Fluoroscopy: motion of lungs as patient breaths
