Stroke Volume - ANSWER ml of blood pumped with each beat
4 factors that affect stroke volume - ANSWER 1. Heart rate
2. Preload
3. Contractility
4. Afterload
Preload - ANSWER -blood volume in ventricles after diastole
--increased by fluid overload
--decreased by dehydration, blood loss, shock, venous dilation
Afterload - ANSWER -arterial pressure and diameter
-the amount of resistance ventricle
--increases with vasoconstriction
--decreases with vasodilation
Cardiac output - ANSWER -stroke volume x Heart Rate
Blood Pressure - ANSWER -affected by volume and pressure(vessel
size)
-BP=cardiac output x PVR (peripheral Vascular Resistance)
Prehypertensive - ANSWER Systolic -120-139
Diastolic - 80-89
Hypertensive - ANSWER Systolic - >=140
Diastolic ->=90
Essential or Primary - no known cause 90-95% cases
Secondary-pregnancy, renal disease, medications
Dx: 3 separate measurements over 3 weeks
Risk factors: dislipidomia, atherosclerosis, DM, smoking, family history,
ethnicity, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, stress, increased levels ETOH or
Na, decreased levels of Ca or K+ intake
, Hypertensive Patho: - ANSWER sympathetic system stimulated
causing vasoconstriction less blood to kidneys causes the releases of
renin->leads to water and sodium retention, which increases volume all
leading to hypertension
Hypertension Complication - ANSWER -Damage to heart, blood
vessels, kidneys, eyes,brain
Hypertensive Crisis - ANSWER -systolic pressure greater than 240
-diastolic pressure greater than 130
-life threatening emergency
-Treat w/in one hour with diuretics and vasodilators
-S/S: Severe HA, Restlessness, Confusion
->can be caused by people stopping their medications immediately or
stroke
-complication: stroke, heart failure, and kidney failure
Hypertension Treatment - ANSWER Non-pharmacologic first: Diet,
Activity, Exercise, Lose weight
Limit: Na, ETOH, stress, stop smoking
Diuretics->Anti-hypertensive->may increase dose or add another med
*May also use lipid lowering drugs
Hypertension Nursing Care - ANSWER -Monitor Blood Pressure
-Monitor Orthostatic Hypertension look for a drop of
15mm-20mm to indicate
-Educate Patients about medication compliance, diet, increase activity,
and limit stress
Hypertensive Diet: Dash Diet - ANSWER -dietary approach to stop
hypertension
-limit saturated fat
-limit cholesterol
-limit dairy food
-limit sodium intake
-limit ETOH
-increase fiber
4 factors that affect stroke volume - ANSWER 1. Heart rate
2. Preload
3. Contractility
4. Afterload
Preload - ANSWER -blood volume in ventricles after diastole
--increased by fluid overload
--decreased by dehydration, blood loss, shock, venous dilation
Afterload - ANSWER -arterial pressure and diameter
-the amount of resistance ventricle
--increases with vasoconstriction
--decreases with vasodilation
Cardiac output - ANSWER -stroke volume x Heart Rate
Blood Pressure - ANSWER -affected by volume and pressure(vessel
size)
-BP=cardiac output x PVR (peripheral Vascular Resistance)
Prehypertensive - ANSWER Systolic -120-139
Diastolic - 80-89
Hypertensive - ANSWER Systolic - >=140
Diastolic ->=90
Essential or Primary - no known cause 90-95% cases
Secondary-pregnancy, renal disease, medications
Dx: 3 separate measurements over 3 weeks
Risk factors: dislipidomia, atherosclerosis, DM, smoking, family history,
ethnicity, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, stress, increased levels ETOH or
Na, decreased levels of Ca or K+ intake
, Hypertensive Patho: - ANSWER sympathetic system stimulated
causing vasoconstriction less blood to kidneys causes the releases of
renin->leads to water and sodium retention, which increases volume all
leading to hypertension
Hypertension Complication - ANSWER -Damage to heart, blood
vessels, kidneys, eyes,brain
Hypertensive Crisis - ANSWER -systolic pressure greater than 240
-diastolic pressure greater than 130
-life threatening emergency
-Treat w/in one hour with diuretics and vasodilators
-S/S: Severe HA, Restlessness, Confusion
->can be caused by people stopping their medications immediately or
stroke
-complication: stroke, heart failure, and kidney failure
Hypertension Treatment - ANSWER Non-pharmacologic first: Diet,
Activity, Exercise, Lose weight
Limit: Na, ETOH, stress, stop smoking
Diuretics->Anti-hypertensive->may increase dose or add another med
*May also use lipid lowering drugs
Hypertension Nursing Care - ANSWER -Monitor Blood Pressure
-Monitor Orthostatic Hypertension look for a drop of
15mm-20mm to indicate
-Educate Patients about medication compliance, diet, increase activity,
and limit stress
Hypertensive Diet: Dash Diet - ANSWER -dietary approach to stop
hypertension
-limit saturated fat
-limit cholesterol
-limit dairy food
-limit sodium intake
-limit ETOH
-increase fiber
