Bio 270 Lecture Exam 2 JMU Hynd Study Guide Solutions

Bio 270 Lecture Exam 2 JMU Hynd Study Guide Solutions Astrocytes - ANSWER-glue that holds neurons in place, helps maintain ionic concentration Oligodendrocytes - ANSWER-Myelin sheath of CNS Microglia - ANSWER-trashcans of brain, eat dead micro and neurons ependymal - ANSWER-lining of ventricles (brain) schwann cells - ANSWER-myelin sheath of PNS Four types of glial cells - ANSWER-astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal blood brain barrier - ANSWER-capillaries sealed with tight junctions to prevent bad stuff from getting to the brain parts of the forebrain - ANSWER-diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus) and cerebrum (basal nuclei and cerebral cortex) gyrus - ANSWER-elevated folds of brain ©EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/15 sulcus - ANSWER-depressed fold of brain Broca's area of brain - ANSWER-speaking ability, motor Wernicke's area of brain - ANSWER-Language comprehension, sensory plasticity - ANSWER-brain's ability to have other areas compensate for any damage if the damage happens young enough electroencephalogram (alpha and beta rhythm) - ANSWER-EEG (brain test). Alpha- eyes closed. Beta- eyes open. seizure - ANSWER-uncontrolled firing of neruons small movement control - ANSWER-Basal nuclei/ganglia with thalamus thalamus job - ANSWER-gets rid of extra sensory info that is not necessary to know cerebrum job - ANSWER-coordinating big subconscious movements (balance, posture) hypothalamus job - ANSWER-controls homeostasis limbic system - ANSWER-emotion, food, and sex consolidation - ANSWER-converting short term to long term memory ©EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 3/15 working memory - ANSWER-fluid, interrelates various forms of memory brain stem - ANSWER-medulla, pons, midbrain. continuous w/ spinal cord brain stem job - ANSWER-controls respiration, circulation, digestion remembering dreams - ANSWER-if woken during REM sleep, will remember referred pain - ANSWER-spine doesn't know where the pain is coming from, so puts it somewhere reflex - ANSWER-response that occurs automatically w/out conscious effort. simple and acquired. afferent - ANSWER-to the spinal cord efferent - ANSWER-away from the spinal cord peripheral nervous system - ANSWER-sends info from environment to CNS, links CNS to muscles/glands modality - ANSWER-stimulant of receptors in PNS types of receptors in PNS - ANSWER-photoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, osmoreceptors, chemoreceptors, nociceptors (pain) tonic receptor - ANSWER-slow with no adaptatio