ISOLATION OF CHEMICAL COMPONENTS FROM
NATURAL MATERIALS (ESSENTIAL OILS)
A. PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT
1. Study the process of steamed distillation and extraction of essential oil soxhlet.
2. Determine the oil content obtained from both methods and compare them
B. THEORETICAL BASIS
Essential oils are also known as etheric oils or essential oils. This oil is produced
by plants and has certain functions in plants. The oil has the characteristics that easily
evaporates at room temperature without decomposition, has a bitter taste, specific odor,
generally soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in water.
Essential oils can be obtained by distillation or extraction. Distillation is the
process of separating the components of a mixture consisting of two or more components
based on differences in boiling points. Extraction is the process of separating a
component from a material consisting of two or more components by dissolving one of
the components with the appropriate solvent.
In the essential oil processing industry, three types of distillation / distillation
systems are known with their respective advantages and strengths. The three distillation
systems are:
1. Distillation with water
In this process, the material is in direct contact with rnenboiling water. Materials can
float, float or sink in water depending on the specific gravity and amount of material
included. This distillation with water is used only for materials that cannot be
processed by distillation of water and steam or direct steam.
2. Distillation with water and steam
In this process the material is placed on a hollow disk located a few centimeters above
boiling water, and must be maintained so that the movement of water does not hit the
material.
3. Distillation by steam
, In this process the material is directly related to saturated steam. Steam can come from
boiling water or other steam-producing devices. Ingredients and boiling water are not
in one tool / space but separate. Between the two connected by a pipe as a water vapor
channel.
Extraction Process
Extraction with volatile solvents
This extraction is carried out for gardena flowers, roses, yasmine and others
which when distilled produce very little, even do not produce oil. Oil quality can be low
because the little oil in the material becomes damaged at the time of distillation in
relatively large amounts of water. The solvent used is for example petroleum ether,
while the tools used include the Soxhlet extraction tool. With this tool the extraction can
be done repeatedly, which is certainly profitable. Mathematically it can be found
that repeated extraction is more profitable than a single extraction.
Extraction with non volatile solvent
This extraction is divided into two ways, namely:
1. No heating
This process is called extraction with cold fat. The material used for this extraction is
usually flowers that after picking continue. its physiological processes. The trick: fat
is spread on gauze and on top of fat sprinkled with flowers. The sweet smell will be
absorbed by fat. If the flower no longeremits a nice smell, then it needs to be replaced.
And so on until the saturated fat is then extracted.
2. With heating
This process is called extraction with hot fat. The bahavi used is usually a flower
that after picking no longer continues its physiological poses. The heat in this
process is an activator so that more oil can be released. The trick: flowers are
sprinkled on top of hot fat. The flower is replaced with a new one if it does not emit
a nice smell anymore.
And so on until fat jenuh. Fat is then cooled, heated again then filtered. then the result
is obtained.
C. MATERIALS AND TOOLS
NATURAL MATERIALS (ESSENTIAL OILS)
A. PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT
1. Study the process of steamed distillation and extraction of essential oil soxhlet.
2. Determine the oil content obtained from both methods and compare them
B. THEORETICAL BASIS
Essential oils are also known as etheric oils or essential oils. This oil is produced
by plants and has certain functions in plants. The oil has the characteristics that easily
evaporates at room temperature without decomposition, has a bitter taste, specific odor,
generally soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in water.
Essential oils can be obtained by distillation or extraction. Distillation is the
process of separating the components of a mixture consisting of two or more components
based on differences in boiling points. Extraction is the process of separating a
component from a material consisting of two or more components by dissolving one of
the components with the appropriate solvent.
In the essential oil processing industry, three types of distillation / distillation
systems are known with their respective advantages and strengths. The three distillation
systems are:
1. Distillation with water
In this process, the material is in direct contact with rnenboiling water. Materials can
float, float or sink in water depending on the specific gravity and amount of material
included. This distillation with water is used only for materials that cannot be
processed by distillation of water and steam or direct steam.
2. Distillation with water and steam
In this process the material is placed on a hollow disk located a few centimeters above
boiling water, and must be maintained so that the movement of water does not hit the
material.
3. Distillation by steam
, In this process the material is directly related to saturated steam. Steam can come from
boiling water or other steam-producing devices. Ingredients and boiling water are not
in one tool / space but separate. Between the two connected by a pipe as a water vapor
channel.
Extraction Process
Extraction with volatile solvents
This extraction is carried out for gardena flowers, roses, yasmine and others
which when distilled produce very little, even do not produce oil. Oil quality can be low
because the little oil in the material becomes damaged at the time of distillation in
relatively large amounts of water. The solvent used is for example petroleum ether,
while the tools used include the Soxhlet extraction tool. With this tool the extraction can
be done repeatedly, which is certainly profitable. Mathematically it can be found
that repeated extraction is more profitable than a single extraction.
Extraction with non volatile solvent
This extraction is divided into two ways, namely:
1. No heating
This process is called extraction with cold fat. The material used for this extraction is
usually flowers that after picking continue. its physiological processes. The trick: fat
is spread on gauze and on top of fat sprinkled with flowers. The sweet smell will be
absorbed by fat. If the flower no longeremits a nice smell, then it needs to be replaced.
And so on until the saturated fat is then extracted.
2. With heating
This process is called extraction with hot fat. The bahavi used is usually a flower
that after picking no longer continues its physiological poses. The heat in this
process is an activator so that more oil can be released. The trick: flowers are
sprinkled on top of hot fat. The flower is replaced with a new one if it does not emit
a nice smell anymore.
And so on until fat jenuh. Fat is then cooled, heated again then filtered. then the result
is obtained.
C. MATERIALS AND TOOLS
