NDSU CJ 201 EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
How many police agencies in the US - Answer 20,000+
Where did CJS model come from - Answer England
Tything system - Answer 12th century England, first centralized government in England,
system of group protection,
System of group protection - Answer Families of 10=tyhting; 10 Thythings=village; a
shire reeve in each village
Constables - Answer Local level individuals who assisted the Shire Reeve and organized
posses to chase and apprehend criminals
Bow Street Runners - Answer An early English police unit formed under the leadership
of Henry Fielding, magistrate of the Bow Street region of London.
London Metropolitan Police - Answer Created in 1829, it represents the first example of
an efficient, proactive police force. Introduced three important elements of policing: the
mission of crime prevention, the strategy of preventative patrol, and an organizational
structure similar to the military.
Robert Peel - Answer founded the London police force
Early American settlers brought which CJS - Answer Watch System
Differences between America and England - Answer America had no centralized
government and there was a mistrust within the police force
Why was the industrial revolution important to CJ - Answer Brought floods of people,
and over crowdedness and unhealthy conditions. Some cities caved into starting
policing but just to control immigrants
Slave Patrols - Answer Police-type organizations created in the American South during
colonial times to control slaves and support the southern economic system of slavery.
Slave Codes - Answer Laws that controlled the lives of enslaved African Americans and
denied them basic rights. no meetings, no leaving, no traveling w/o a pass, no reading or
writing
American Police - Answer 1844 NYC first paid police; created locally; people still didn't
trust the government; strictly for political power
,August Vollmer - Answer Was known as the most famous police reformer in the early
part of the twentieth century. He believed the police should be a professional force.
Functions of Police - Answer 1. Law Enforcement/Investigation
2. Patrol
3. Order Maintenance/Peace Keeping
4. Crime Control/Prevention
Order Maintenance Policing - Answer Policy that directs police to handle minor
incidents and crimes in an effort to prevent larger crimes in the future.
community policing - Answer Assigning police to neighborhoods where they walk the
beat and work with churches and other community groups to reduce crime and improve
relations with minorities.
Broken Windows Theory - Answer a theory proposing that even small acts of crime,
disorder, and vandalism can threaten a neighborhood and render it unsafe
quality of life policing - Answer police strategy that targets the reduction of physical and
social disorder so that community members will work together to promote
neighborhood safety, and concomitantly reduce crime
problem-oriented policing - Answer an approach to policing in which officers routinely
seek to identify, analyze, and respond to the circumstances underlying the incidents
that prompt citizens to call the police
Community Policing Activities - Answer neighborhood stations, foot and bike patrols,
neighborhood watch, DARE, citizen feedback
Structure of American Policing - Answer para-military structure (hierarchal model/ chain
of command); police specializations
police specialization - Answer Dividing police tasks into separate units or divisions such
as patrol, detective, traffic, juvenile, etc.
Understanding Police Officers - Answer 3 types: legalistic; service; and watchman
legalistic style - Answer style of policing that emphasizes strict enforcement of laws and
reduces officers' authority to handle matters informally
watchman style - Answer style of policing that emphasizes order maintenance and
tolerates minor violations of law as officers use discretion to handle small infractions
informally but make arrests for major violations
service style - Answer style of policing in which officers cater to citizens' desire for
favorable treatment and sensitivity to individual situations by using discretion to handle
minor matters in ways that seek to avoid embarrassment or punishment
, Police Personalities - Answer Suspicious, authoritarian, and cynical.
job stress - Answer shapes police personalities; threat of being attacked, killing
someone, or being killed; job burnout
discretion - Answer in any situation the officer's behavior reflects limits imposed by: the
department, goals of organization, prestige of occupational group
Muir 3 types - Answer enforcers, professionals, reciprocator
Enforcers (Muir) - Answer uses force; unable to empathize
Professionals (Muir) - Answer do both force and empathize
Reciprocators (Muir) - Answer unwilling to use force; do empathize
3 important decisions in law enforcement - Answer 1: detection 2: investigation 3: arrest
What is the first part of detection - Answer discovery
Factors of Detection - Answer seriousness, observation of officer, credibility of witness
Proactive Detection - Answer police witness crime
Reactive Detection - Answer police gets call from witness
Working Rules - Answer Guidelines for behavior. In policing, understandings that
identify the circumstances that justify different police actions such as when to question
citizens or check vehicle registrations.
Street Sense - Answer Intuition based on experience that enables police officers to
detect criminality; a phrase describing how police officers develop hunches and
suspicions in circumstances that would not attract a second thought from civilians.
self-fulfilling prophecy - Answer more officers in minority areas>more crime detected in
minority areas>more suspicious of minorities>increased suspicion leads to increased
action>more crime found>more minorities in jail
are all cops racist? - Answer no
What is investigation - Answer gather evidence to link individuals to crime; provides
evidence to increase standards of proof
Decision has 2 parts - Answer whether or not to investigate; and how to best proceed
with investigation
discretion to pursue investigation - Answer seriousness, witness credibility, sufficiency
of evidence, circumstances of event
Major tools of investigations - Answer searches and interrogations
STUDY GUIDE
How many police agencies in the US - Answer 20,000+
Where did CJS model come from - Answer England
Tything system - Answer 12th century England, first centralized government in England,
system of group protection,
System of group protection - Answer Families of 10=tyhting; 10 Thythings=village; a
shire reeve in each village
Constables - Answer Local level individuals who assisted the Shire Reeve and organized
posses to chase and apprehend criminals
Bow Street Runners - Answer An early English police unit formed under the leadership
of Henry Fielding, magistrate of the Bow Street region of London.
London Metropolitan Police - Answer Created in 1829, it represents the first example of
an efficient, proactive police force. Introduced three important elements of policing: the
mission of crime prevention, the strategy of preventative patrol, and an organizational
structure similar to the military.
Robert Peel - Answer founded the London police force
Early American settlers brought which CJS - Answer Watch System
Differences between America and England - Answer America had no centralized
government and there was a mistrust within the police force
Why was the industrial revolution important to CJ - Answer Brought floods of people,
and over crowdedness and unhealthy conditions. Some cities caved into starting
policing but just to control immigrants
Slave Patrols - Answer Police-type organizations created in the American South during
colonial times to control slaves and support the southern economic system of slavery.
Slave Codes - Answer Laws that controlled the lives of enslaved African Americans and
denied them basic rights. no meetings, no leaving, no traveling w/o a pass, no reading or
writing
American Police - Answer 1844 NYC first paid police; created locally; people still didn't
trust the government; strictly for political power
,August Vollmer - Answer Was known as the most famous police reformer in the early
part of the twentieth century. He believed the police should be a professional force.
Functions of Police - Answer 1. Law Enforcement/Investigation
2. Patrol
3. Order Maintenance/Peace Keeping
4. Crime Control/Prevention
Order Maintenance Policing - Answer Policy that directs police to handle minor
incidents and crimes in an effort to prevent larger crimes in the future.
community policing - Answer Assigning police to neighborhoods where they walk the
beat and work with churches and other community groups to reduce crime and improve
relations with minorities.
Broken Windows Theory - Answer a theory proposing that even small acts of crime,
disorder, and vandalism can threaten a neighborhood and render it unsafe
quality of life policing - Answer police strategy that targets the reduction of physical and
social disorder so that community members will work together to promote
neighborhood safety, and concomitantly reduce crime
problem-oriented policing - Answer an approach to policing in which officers routinely
seek to identify, analyze, and respond to the circumstances underlying the incidents
that prompt citizens to call the police
Community Policing Activities - Answer neighborhood stations, foot and bike patrols,
neighborhood watch, DARE, citizen feedback
Structure of American Policing - Answer para-military structure (hierarchal model/ chain
of command); police specializations
police specialization - Answer Dividing police tasks into separate units or divisions such
as patrol, detective, traffic, juvenile, etc.
Understanding Police Officers - Answer 3 types: legalistic; service; and watchman
legalistic style - Answer style of policing that emphasizes strict enforcement of laws and
reduces officers' authority to handle matters informally
watchman style - Answer style of policing that emphasizes order maintenance and
tolerates minor violations of law as officers use discretion to handle small infractions
informally but make arrests for major violations
service style - Answer style of policing in which officers cater to citizens' desire for
favorable treatment and sensitivity to individual situations by using discretion to handle
minor matters in ways that seek to avoid embarrassment or punishment
, Police Personalities - Answer Suspicious, authoritarian, and cynical.
job stress - Answer shapes police personalities; threat of being attacked, killing
someone, or being killed; job burnout
discretion - Answer in any situation the officer's behavior reflects limits imposed by: the
department, goals of organization, prestige of occupational group
Muir 3 types - Answer enforcers, professionals, reciprocator
Enforcers (Muir) - Answer uses force; unable to empathize
Professionals (Muir) - Answer do both force and empathize
Reciprocators (Muir) - Answer unwilling to use force; do empathize
3 important decisions in law enforcement - Answer 1: detection 2: investigation 3: arrest
What is the first part of detection - Answer discovery
Factors of Detection - Answer seriousness, observation of officer, credibility of witness
Proactive Detection - Answer police witness crime
Reactive Detection - Answer police gets call from witness
Working Rules - Answer Guidelines for behavior. In policing, understandings that
identify the circumstances that justify different police actions such as when to question
citizens or check vehicle registrations.
Street Sense - Answer Intuition based on experience that enables police officers to
detect criminality; a phrase describing how police officers develop hunches and
suspicions in circumstances that would not attract a second thought from civilians.
self-fulfilling prophecy - Answer more officers in minority areas>more crime detected in
minority areas>more suspicious of minorities>increased suspicion leads to increased
action>more crime found>more minorities in jail
are all cops racist? - Answer no
What is investigation - Answer gather evidence to link individuals to crime; provides
evidence to increase standards of proof
Decision has 2 parts - Answer whether or not to investigate; and how to best proceed
with investigation
discretion to pursue investigation - Answer seriousness, witness credibility, sufficiency
of evidence, circumstances of event
Major tools of investigations - Answer searches and interrogations
