CADC EXAM 2024 NEWEST 2 VERSIONS (VERSION A AND
B) COMPLETE 400 QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED
ANSWERS (100% CORRECT) /ALREADY GRADED A+
CNS Depressants Action - ANSWER: Increase GABA which slows brain activity
CNS Depressants Class of Drugs - ANSWER: benzodiazepines, barbiturates, sleep aids,
opioids, and alcohol
CNS Stimulants Action - ANSWER: Increasee CNS activity by releasing catecholamines
(epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine)
CNS Stimulants Class of Drugs - ANSWER: amphetamines, cocaine, nicotine, and
caffeine
Hallucinogens Action - ANSWER: affect acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous
system, also dopamine, serotonin, and epinephrine
Hallucinogens Class of Drug - ANSWER: LSD, mushrooms, MDMA, ketamine, spice
Cannabis action - ANSWER: Cannabinoid receptors THC and CBD
Inhalants action - ANSWER: suppressing CNS
Inhalants class of drugs - ANSWER: gases, aerosols, and volatile solvents (nitrates
work as vasodilators)
Performance-enhancing drugs action and class - ANSWER: anabolic steroids that
activate androgen receptors and increase calcium levels
Substance withdrawal - ANSWER: The state experienced with the reduction or
cessation of a substance that has been misused for a period of time
Substance-induced mental disorder - ANSWER: when use of a substance creates
behavior similar to that of a mental health disorder such as depression, anxiety, or
psychosis (hallucinations/delirium)
DSM-5 Criteria for SUD (11) - ANSWER: Amount
Control
Time
Cravings
Obligations
Social
Importance
Risk
Harm
,Tolerance
Withdrawal
The 5 Stages of SUD - ANSWER: 1. Abstinence
2. Experimental Use
3. Social Use (Mild SUD)
4. Abuse (Moderate SUD)
5. Chemical Dependency/Addiction (Severe SUD)
Psychological dependence - ANSWER: Cravings, urges, and the desire for substance
use
Physical dependence - ANSWER: the result of brain changes due to drug use, where
the brain starts to require the heightened state of activity produced by the drug and
therefore creates physical reactions when the drug is absent
Dependency - ANSWER: a brain disease characterized by an uncontrollable desire to
consume increased quantities of a psychoactive substance
Tolerance - ANSWER: requiring an increased amount of the substance to attain the
desired effect
Behavioral tolerance - ANSWER: when individuals display behaviors that mask the
effects of substance use from others, including changes in disposition, attitude, or
speech associated with psychoactive substance intoxication
Dispositional or metabolic tolerance - ANSWER: when a person's body tries to
accelerate metabolism to rid itself of chemically toxic substances creating the need
for more and more of the substance to be consumed
Cross-tolerance - ANSWER: when people become tolerant of psychoactive
substances in the same pharmaceutical family as those previously tolerated (heroin
to other opioids)
Pharmacodynamic tolerance or cellular-adaptive tolerance - ANSWER: when
neurotransmitters are altered so that the brain has become desensitized to the
substance which lessens the effects
Reverse tolerance - ANSWER: when a person becomes more sensitive to the
substance because the substance has harmed neuronal activity (alcohol and liver
damage)
Select tolerance - ANSWER: when some effects of a drug are experienced and others
are not (euphoric feeling gone but affects other parts of the body)
4 Stages of Withdrawal - ANSWER: 1. Stage 1 within hours, varies by substance
,2. Stage 2 intensification of symptoms (body aches, sleep disturbances, depression,
tremors, and anxiety)
3. Stage 3 Post-Acute sharp peak and then a decline in symptoms can last weeks or
months and may need a medical professional (insomnia, emotional lability, memory
impairment, and anxiety)
4. Post-Acute Withdrawal can last months to years and affects biopsychosocial
functioning (memory impairment, difficulty thinking clearly, mood swings, cravings,
anhedonia, suicidal ideation, fatigue, muscle aches, social withdrawal, and pain
sensitivity)
Anhedonia - ANSWER: inability to experience pleasure
Medical detox is required when... - ANSWER: detoxing from alcohol and
benzodiazepines
3 steps of detox management - ANSWER: 1. Screening, assessment, evaluation
2. stabilization
3. treatment engagement
What passes through the blood-brain barrier easily? - ANSWER: fat-soluble
substances (alcohol, cocaine)
Half-life - ANSWER: duration of time it takes for half of the substance to be
eliminated from the body
Metabolism - ANSWER: process through which a substance is eliminated from the
body
Peripheral nervous system - ANSWER: somatic and autonomic nervous system
The primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system is - ANSWER:
acetylcholine (inhibiting)
The primary neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system - ANSWER:
norepinephrine (excitatory)
Amygdala - ANSWER: emotion, motivation, and memory formation in relation to the
stress and fear response, most relevant in the withdrawal experience
Reticular activating system - ANSWER: responsible for an individual's state of arousal
Basal ganglia - ANSWER: motivation, movement-related functions, and habit
formation (pleasure/reward pathways)
Cerebellum - ANSWER: coordination, posture, motor skills, and movement
, Prefrontal cortex - ANSWER: thinking, planning, problem solving (especially relevant
in adolescents)
Hypothalamus - ANSWER: hormone production and sends hormones via pituitary
gland (regulates the body's stress response)
Neurons - ANSWER: specialized cell that sends and receives biochemical information
made up of the dendrites, axon, and soma
Synapses - ANSWER: deliver neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin from
neuron to neuron
Dendrites - ANSWER: receive synaptic inputs from axons
Axon - ANSWER: part of the brain cell that determines whether or not a neuron will
be fired to signal the release of a neurotransmitter
Soma - ANSWER: cell body of the neuron that contains the nucleus, sends proteins
through the axon/dendrites
Acetylcholine (responsibility & drug action) - ANSWER: NT that is responsible for
memory, attention, and mood
affected by nicotine, caffeine, and hallucinogens
Dopamine (responsibility & drug action) - ANSWER: responsible for the functions of
movement, memory, concentration, and pleasure
affected by cocaine, methamphetamine, alcohol, and opioids
Serotonin (responsibility & drug action) - ANSWER: responsible for sleep, sexual
desire, emotions, and digestion
affected by MDMA, hallucinogens, and cocaine
Endogenous opioids (endorphins & enkephalines) responsibility & drug action -
ANSWER: responsible for pain, mood, responses to stress, and sedation
affected by heroin, morphine, and prescription meds (oxy, codeine, and
hydrocodone)
Epinephrine i.e. adrenaline (responsibility & drug action) - ANSWER: responsible for
fight or flight response
affected by nicotine, stimulants, MDMA, and hallucinogens
B) COMPLETE 400 QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED
ANSWERS (100% CORRECT) /ALREADY GRADED A+
CNS Depressants Action - ANSWER: Increase GABA which slows brain activity
CNS Depressants Class of Drugs - ANSWER: benzodiazepines, barbiturates, sleep aids,
opioids, and alcohol
CNS Stimulants Action - ANSWER: Increasee CNS activity by releasing catecholamines
(epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine)
CNS Stimulants Class of Drugs - ANSWER: amphetamines, cocaine, nicotine, and
caffeine
Hallucinogens Action - ANSWER: affect acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous
system, also dopamine, serotonin, and epinephrine
Hallucinogens Class of Drug - ANSWER: LSD, mushrooms, MDMA, ketamine, spice
Cannabis action - ANSWER: Cannabinoid receptors THC and CBD
Inhalants action - ANSWER: suppressing CNS
Inhalants class of drugs - ANSWER: gases, aerosols, and volatile solvents (nitrates
work as vasodilators)
Performance-enhancing drugs action and class - ANSWER: anabolic steroids that
activate androgen receptors and increase calcium levels
Substance withdrawal - ANSWER: The state experienced with the reduction or
cessation of a substance that has been misused for a period of time
Substance-induced mental disorder - ANSWER: when use of a substance creates
behavior similar to that of a mental health disorder such as depression, anxiety, or
psychosis (hallucinations/delirium)
DSM-5 Criteria for SUD (11) - ANSWER: Amount
Control
Time
Cravings
Obligations
Social
Importance
Risk
Harm
,Tolerance
Withdrawal
The 5 Stages of SUD - ANSWER: 1. Abstinence
2. Experimental Use
3. Social Use (Mild SUD)
4. Abuse (Moderate SUD)
5. Chemical Dependency/Addiction (Severe SUD)
Psychological dependence - ANSWER: Cravings, urges, and the desire for substance
use
Physical dependence - ANSWER: the result of brain changes due to drug use, where
the brain starts to require the heightened state of activity produced by the drug and
therefore creates physical reactions when the drug is absent
Dependency - ANSWER: a brain disease characterized by an uncontrollable desire to
consume increased quantities of a psychoactive substance
Tolerance - ANSWER: requiring an increased amount of the substance to attain the
desired effect
Behavioral tolerance - ANSWER: when individuals display behaviors that mask the
effects of substance use from others, including changes in disposition, attitude, or
speech associated with psychoactive substance intoxication
Dispositional or metabolic tolerance - ANSWER: when a person's body tries to
accelerate metabolism to rid itself of chemically toxic substances creating the need
for more and more of the substance to be consumed
Cross-tolerance - ANSWER: when people become tolerant of psychoactive
substances in the same pharmaceutical family as those previously tolerated (heroin
to other opioids)
Pharmacodynamic tolerance or cellular-adaptive tolerance - ANSWER: when
neurotransmitters are altered so that the brain has become desensitized to the
substance which lessens the effects
Reverse tolerance - ANSWER: when a person becomes more sensitive to the
substance because the substance has harmed neuronal activity (alcohol and liver
damage)
Select tolerance - ANSWER: when some effects of a drug are experienced and others
are not (euphoric feeling gone but affects other parts of the body)
4 Stages of Withdrawal - ANSWER: 1. Stage 1 within hours, varies by substance
,2. Stage 2 intensification of symptoms (body aches, sleep disturbances, depression,
tremors, and anxiety)
3. Stage 3 Post-Acute sharp peak and then a decline in symptoms can last weeks or
months and may need a medical professional (insomnia, emotional lability, memory
impairment, and anxiety)
4. Post-Acute Withdrawal can last months to years and affects biopsychosocial
functioning (memory impairment, difficulty thinking clearly, mood swings, cravings,
anhedonia, suicidal ideation, fatigue, muscle aches, social withdrawal, and pain
sensitivity)
Anhedonia - ANSWER: inability to experience pleasure
Medical detox is required when... - ANSWER: detoxing from alcohol and
benzodiazepines
3 steps of detox management - ANSWER: 1. Screening, assessment, evaluation
2. stabilization
3. treatment engagement
What passes through the blood-brain barrier easily? - ANSWER: fat-soluble
substances (alcohol, cocaine)
Half-life - ANSWER: duration of time it takes for half of the substance to be
eliminated from the body
Metabolism - ANSWER: process through which a substance is eliminated from the
body
Peripheral nervous system - ANSWER: somatic and autonomic nervous system
The primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system is - ANSWER:
acetylcholine (inhibiting)
The primary neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system - ANSWER:
norepinephrine (excitatory)
Amygdala - ANSWER: emotion, motivation, and memory formation in relation to the
stress and fear response, most relevant in the withdrawal experience
Reticular activating system - ANSWER: responsible for an individual's state of arousal
Basal ganglia - ANSWER: motivation, movement-related functions, and habit
formation (pleasure/reward pathways)
Cerebellum - ANSWER: coordination, posture, motor skills, and movement
, Prefrontal cortex - ANSWER: thinking, planning, problem solving (especially relevant
in adolescents)
Hypothalamus - ANSWER: hormone production and sends hormones via pituitary
gland (regulates the body's stress response)
Neurons - ANSWER: specialized cell that sends and receives biochemical information
made up of the dendrites, axon, and soma
Synapses - ANSWER: deliver neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin from
neuron to neuron
Dendrites - ANSWER: receive synaptic inputs from axons
Axon - ANSWER: part of the brain cell that determines whether or not a neuron will
be fired to signal the release of a neurotransmitter
Soma - ANSWER: cell body of the neuron that contains the nucleus, sends proteins
through the axon/dendrites
Acetylcholine (responsibility & drug action) - ANSWER: NT that is responsible for
memory, attention, and mood
affected by nicotine, caffeine, and hallucinogens
Dopamine (responsibility & drug action) - ANSWER: responsible for the functions of
movement, memory, concentration, and pleasure
affected by cocaine, methamphetamine, alcohol, and opioids
Serotonin (responsibility & drug action) - ANSWER: responsible for sleep, sexual
desire, emotions, and digestion
affected by MDMA, hallucinogens, and cocaine
Endogenous opioids (endorphins & enkephalines) responsibility & drug action -
ANSWER: responsible for pain, mood, responses to stress, and sedation
affected by heroin, morphine, and prescription meds (oxy, codeine, and
hydrocodone)
Epinephrine i.e. adrenaline (responsibility & drug action) - ANSWER: responsible for
fight or flight response
affected by nicotine, stimulants, MDMA, and hallucinogens
