Acute Renal Injury & CKD – NCLEX Guaranteed Success

Acute Renal Injury & CKD – NCLEX Guaranteed Success Here’s a collection of questions and answers focused on Acute Renal Injury (AKI) and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): What is Acute Renal Injury (AKI)? AKI is a sudden decrease in kidney function, leading to the accumulation of waste products in the blood. ️️ What are the common causes of AKI? Common causes include dehydration, infections, medications, and obstructive conditions like kidney stones. ️️ How is AKI diagnosed? Diagnosis is typically based on blood tests showing elevated serum creatinine levels and a history of recent kidney function decline. ️️ What are the symptoms of AKI? Symptoms may include decreased urine output, swelling, fatigue, and confusion. ️️ What is Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)? CKD is a progressive loss of kidney function over time, often due to underlying conditions like diabetes or hypertension. ️️ How is CKD diagnosed? CKD is diagnosed through blood tests measuring creatinine levels, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and urine tests. ️️ What are the stages of CKD? CKD is classified into five stages, ranging from mild (Stage 1) to severe (Stage 5, or end-stage renal disease). ️️ What are the risk factors for developing CKD? Risk factors include diabetes, hypertension, family history of kidney disease, and older age. ️️ How can CKD be managed? Management includes controlling blood pressure and blood sugar levels, dietary changes, and medication to slow disease progression. ️️ What lifestyle changes can help prevent CKD? Lifestyle changes include maintaining a healthy diet, regular exercise, avoiding smoking, and staying hydrated. ️️ What complications can arise from CKD? Complications may include cardiovascular disease, anemia, bone disease, and electrolyte imbalances. ️️ What is the role of dialysis in kidney disease? Dialysis helps perform the functions of the kidneys by removing waste and excess fluid from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to do so. ️️ What dietary recommendations are important for someone with CKD? Dietary recommendations may include limiting protein, potassium, and phosphorus intake, and ensuring adequate hydration. ️️ How does diabetes contribute to CKD? Diabetes can damage blood vessels in the kidneys, leading to decreased kidney function and ultimately CKD. ️️ What is the prognosis for patients with AKI? The prognosis for AKI depends on the underlying cause, severity, and promptness of treatment; many patients can fully recover. ️️ What are the long-term effects of AKI? Some individuals may experience a higher risk of developing CKD or progressive kidney disease following an episode of AKI. ️️ How do you determine that a patient's oliguria is associated with acute renal failure (ARF)? A. Specific gravity of urine at 3 different times is 1.010. B. The serum creatinine level is normal. C. The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level is normal or below. D. Hypokalemia is identified. ️️A. Specific gravity of urine at 3 different times is 1.010. A urinalysis may show casts, red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), a specific gravity fixed at about 1.010, and urine osmolality at about 300 mOsm/kg. When caring for a patient during the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury, what would be an appropriate nursing intervention? A. Weigh patient three times weekly B. Increase dietary sodium and potassium C. Provide a low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet D. Restrict fluids according to the previous day's fluid loss ️️D. Restrict fluids according to the previous day's fluid loss Patients in the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury have fluid volume excess with potassium and sodium retention. They will need to have dietary sodium, potassium, and fluids restricted. Daily fluid intake is based on the previous 24-hour fluid loss (measured output plus 600 mL for insensible loss). The diet also needs to provide adequate, not low, protein intake to prevent catabolism. The patient should also be weighed daily, not just three times per week. Which assessment finding is commonly found in the oliguric phase of