NCLEX Q's AKI and CKD Guaranteed Success
What is the role of creatinine in assessing kidney function?
Creatinine is a waste product from muscle metabolism; elevated levels in the blood indicate reduced
kidney function. ✔️✔️
What are the typical laboratory tests used to diagnose AKI?
Common laboratory tests include serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and urinalysis to
evaluate kidney function. ✔️✔️
How does dehydration contribute to AKI?
Dehydration reduces blood volume and flow to the kidneys, which can impair their ability to filter waste
effectively. ✔️✔️
What is the significance of a rapid increase in serum creatinine?
A rapid increase in serum creatinine suggests a sudden loss of kidney function, indicating possible AKI.
✔️✔️
What medications are commonly associated with AKI?
Common medications that can cause AKI include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), certain
antibiotics, and some diuretics. ✔️✔️
What dietary restrictions are recommended for patients with CKD?
Patients with CKD may need to restrict protein, sodium, potassium, and phosphorus intake to manage
kidney function and prevent complications. ✔️✔️
What is the importance of monitoring electrolytes in CKD patients?
Monitoring electrolytes, such as potassium and sodium, is crucial in CKD patients to prevent imbalances
that can lead to serious complications. ✔️✔️
,How can patients with CKD manage their fluid intake?
Patients with CKD should monitor their fluid intake to prevent fluid overload and related complications,
following their healthcare provider's recommendations. ✔️✔️
What is the relationship between CKD and cardiovascular disease?
CKD significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease due to shared risk factors and the impact of
kidney dysfunction on heart health. ✔️✔️
What is nephrotoxicity?
Nephrotoxicity refers to kidney damage caused by certain substances, including medications, toxins, and
heavy metals. ✔️✔️
How can early detection of CKD benefit patients?
Early detection allows for timely intervention, which can slow the progression of the disease and
improve patient outcomes. ✔️✔️
What lifestyle changes can improve outcomes for CKD patients?
Lifestyle changes such as adopting a balanced diet, exercising regularly, managing blood pressure and
blood sugar levels can improve outcomes. ✔️✔️
What role does hypertension play in AKI?
Hypertension can worsen kidney function by damaging blood vessels, making the kidneys more
susceptible to injury and impairment. ✔️✔️
What is the function of the glomeruli in the kidneys?
The glomeruli are tiny filters in the kidneys that remove waste and excess substances from the blood,
playing a critical role in kidney function. ✔️✔️
What are the signs of fluid overload in CKD patients?
,Signs of fluid overload may include swelling in the legs, shortness of breath, and elevated blood
pressure. ✔️✔️
How can patient education impact the management of CKD?
Patient education empowers individuals to understand their condition, adhere to treatment plans, and
make informed lifestyle choices to manage CKD effectively. ✔️✔️
After the insertion of an arteriovenous graft (AVG) in the right forearm, a patient complains of pain and
coldness of the right fingers. Which action should the nurse take?
a.
Elevate the patients arm above the level of the heart.
b.
Report the patients symptoms to the health care provider.
c.
Remind the patient about the need to take a daily low-dose aspirin tablet.
d.
Educate the patient about the normal vascular response after AVG insertion. ✔️✔️ANS: B
The patients complaints suggest the development of distal ischemia (steal syndrome) and may require
revision of the AVG. Elevation of the arm above the heart will decrease perfusion. Pain and coolness are
not normal after AVG insertion. Aspirin therapy is not used to maintain grafts.
2. A patient with acute kidney injury (AKI) has an arterial blood pH of 7.30. The nurse will assess the
patient for
a.
vasodilation.
b.
poor skin turgor.
c.
bounding pulses.
, d.
rapid respirations. ✔️✔️ANS: D
Patients with metabolic acidosis caused by AKI may have Kussmaul respirations as the lungs try to
regulate carbon dioxide. Bounding pulses and vasodilation are not associated with metabolic acidosis.
Because the patient is likely to have fluid retention, poor skin turgor would not be a finding in AKI.
3. A patient with severe heart failure develops elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels.
The nurse will plan care to meet the goal of
a.
replacing fluid volume.
b.
preventing hypertension.
c.
maintaining cardiac output.
d.
diluting nephrotoxic substances. ✔️✔️ANS: C
The primary goal of treatment for acute kidney injury (AKI) is to eliminate the cause and provide
supportive care while the kidneys recover. Because this patients heart failure is causing AKI, the care will
be directed toward treatment of the heart failure. For renal failure caused by hypertension,
hypovolemia, or nephrotoxins, the other responses would be correct.
4. A patient who has acute glomerulonephritis is hospitalized with acute kidney injury (AKI) and
hyperkalemia. Which information will the nurse obtain to evaluate the effectiveness of the prescribed
calcium gluconate IV?
a.
Urine output
b.
Calcium level
c.
What is the role of creatinine in assessing kidney function?
Creatinine is a waste product from muscle metabolism; elevated levels in the blood indicate reduced
kidney function. ✔️✔️
What are the typical laboratory tests used to diagnose AKI?
Common laboratory tests include serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and urinalysis to
evaluate kidney function. ✔️✔️
How does dehydration contribute to AKI?
Dehydration reduces blood volume and flow to the kidneys, which can impair their ability to filter waste
effectively. ✔️✔️
What is the significance of a rapid increase in serum creatinine?
A rapid increase in serum creatinine suggests a sudden loss of kidney function, indicating possible AKI.
✔️✔️
What medications are commonly associated with AKI?
Common medications that can cause AKI include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), certain
antibiotics, and some diuretics. ✔️✔️
What dietary restrictions are recommended for patients with CKD?
Patients with CKD may need to restrict protein, sodium, potassium, and phosphorus intake to manage
kidney function and prevent complications. ✔️✔️
What is the importance of monitoring electrolytes in CKD patients?
Monitoring electrolytes, such as potassium and sodium, is crucial in CKD patients to prevent imbalances
that can lead to serious complications. ✔️✔️
,How can patients with CKD manage their fluid intake?
Patients with CKD should monitor their fluid intake to prevent fluid overload and related complications,
following their healthcare provider's recommendations. ✔️✔️
What is the relationship between CKD and cardiovascular disease?
CKD significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease due to shared risk factors and the impact of
kidney dysfunction on heart health. ✔️✔️
What is nephrotoxicity?
Nephrotoxicity refers to kidney damage caused by certain substances, including medications, toxins, and
heavy metals. ✔️✔️
How can early detection of CKD benefit patients?
Early detection allows for timely intervention, which can slow the progression of the disease and
improve patient outcomes. ✔️✔️
What lifestyle changes can improve outcomes for CKD patients?
Lifestyle changes such as adopting a balanced diet, exercising regularly, managing blood pressure and
blood sugar levels can improve outcomes. ✔️✔️
What role does hypertension play in AKI?
Hypertension can worsen kidney function by damaging blood vessels, making the kidneys more
susceptible to injury and impairment. ✔️✔️
What is the function of the glomeruli in the kidneys?
The glomeruli are tiny filters in the kidneys that remove waste and excess substances from the blood,
playing a critical role in kidney function. ✔️✔️
What are the signs of fluid overload in CKD patients?
,Signs of fluid overload may include swelling in the legs, shortness of breath, and elevated blood
pressure. ✔️✔️
How can patient education impact the management of CKD?
Patient education empowers individuals to understand their condition, adhere to treatment plans, and
make informed lifestyle choices to manage CKD effectively. ✔️✔️
After the insertion of an arteriovenous graft (AVG) in the right forearm, a patient complains of pain and
coldness of the right fingers. Which action should the nurse take?
a.
Elevate the patients arm above the level of the heart.
b.
Report the patients symptoms to the health care provider.
c.
Remind the patient about the need to take a daily low-dose aspirin tablet.
d.
Educate the patient about the normal vascular response after AVG insertion. ✔️✔️ANS: B
The patients complaints suggest the development of distal ischemia (steal syndrome) and may require
revision of the AVG. Elevation of the arm above the heart will decrease perfusion. Pain and coolness are
not normal after AVG insertion. Aspirin therapy is not used to maintain grafts.
2. A patient with acute kidney injury (AKI) has an arterial blood pH of 7.30. The nurse will assess the
patient for
a.
vasodilation.
b.
poor skin turgor.
c.
bounding pulses.
, d.
rapid respirations. ✔️✔️ANS: D
Patients with metabolic acidosis caused by AKI may have Kussmaul respirations as the lungs try to
regulate carbon dioxide. Bounding pulses and vasodilation are not associated with metabolic acidosis.
Because the patient is likely to have fluid retention, poor skin turgor would not be a finding in AKI.
3. A patient with severe heart failure develops elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels.
The nurse will plan care to meet the goal of
a.
replacing fluid volume.
b.
preventing hypertension.
c.
maintaining cardiac output.
d.
diluting nephrotoxic substances. ✔️✔️ANS: C
The primary goal of treatment for acute kidney injury (AKI) is to eliminate the cause and provide
supportive care while the kidneys recover. Because this patients heart failure is causing AKI, the care will
be directed toward treatment of the heart failure. For renal failure caused by hypertension,
hypovolemia, or nephrotoxins, the other responses would be correct.
4. A patient who has acute glomerulonephritis is hospitalized with acute kidney injury (AKI) and
hyperkalemia. Which information will the nurse obtain to evaluate the effectiveness of the prescribed
calcium gluconate IV?
a.
Urine output
b.
Calcium level
c.
