MEDSURG TEST #3 Ch 46 AKI & CKD
What is the role of the nephron in kidney function?
Nephrons are the functional units of the kidney that filter blood, remove waste, and regulate fluid and
electrolyte balance. ✔️✔️
What are the common diagnostic imaging techniques used for AKI?
Common imaging techniques include ultrasound, CT scans, and MRI, which can help identify structural
abnormalities or obstructions. ✔️✔️
What lifestyle modifications can reduce the risk of AKI?
Lifestyle modifications such as staying hydrated, managing chronic conditions, avoiding nephrotoxic
medications, and maintaining a healthy diet can reduce AKI risk. ✔️✔️
How is urine output monitored in patients with AKI?
Urine output is often monitored hourly in hospitalized patients to assess kidney function and detect any
deterioration. ✔️✔️
What is the significance of the RIFLE criteria in AKI?
The RIFLE criteria classify the severity of AKI based on changes in serum creatinine, urine output, and the
duration of kidney injury, aiding in diagnosis and treatment. ✔️✔️
How can controlling blood pressure help prevent CKD?
Controlling blood pressure can prevent damage to kidney blood vessels, reducing the risk of CKD
progression and associated complications. ✔️✔️
What is the connection between obesity and CKD?
Obesity is a risk factor for CKD as it can lead to conditions like hypertension and diabetes, which increase
the likelihood of kidney damage. ✔️✔️
,How can electrolyte imbalances affect CKD patients?
Electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia (high potassium), can cause serious health issues,
including heart rhythm disturbances in CKD patients. ✔️✔️
What is the significance of urine tests in diagnosing CKD?
Urine tests help detect proteinuria, hematuria, and other abnormalities that indicate kidney damage or
disease progression in CKD. ✔️✔️
What are the potential side effects of medications used to treat CKD?
Side effects of CKD medications may include gastrointestinal issues, electrolyte imbalances, and
interactions with other medications. ✔️✔️
How does the presence of diabetes affect kidney health?
Diabetes can damage the blood vessels in the kidneys over time, leading to diabetic nephropathy and an
increased risk of CKD. ✔️✔️
What lifestyle changes can help manage high blood pressure in CKD patients?
Lifestyle changes such as adopting a low-sodium diet, regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy
weight, and avoiding tobacco can help manage blood pressure. ✔️✔️
What role does potassium play in kidney function?
Potassium helps regulate heart function and muscle contraction; however, excess potassium can be
dangerous, especially in patients with compromised kidney function. ✔️✔️
How can stress management benefit patients with CKD?
Effective stress management can improve overall health, enhance coping strategies, and potentially
slow the progression of kidney disease. ✔️✔️
What are the signs of kidney stones, and how can they relate to AKI?
, Signs of kidney stones include severe pain in the back or side, blood in urine, and frequent urination;
they can cause obstruction, leading to AKI. ✔️✔️
What is the significance of lifestyle counseling for CKD patients?
Lifestyle counseling provides patients with information and strategies to manage their condition,
promote healthier habits, and improve their quality of life. ✔️✔️
which descriptions characterize acute kidney injury (SATA)?
a. primary cause of death is infection
b. it almost always affects older people
c. disease course is potentially reversible
d. most common cause is diabetic nephropathy
e. cardiovascular disease is most common cause of death ✔️✔️a. primary cause of death is infection
c. disease course is potentially reversible
RIFLE defines three stages of AKI based on changes in
a. BP and urine osmolality
b. fractional excretion of urinary sodium
c. estimation of GFR with the MDRD equation
d. serum creatinine or urine output from baseline ✔️✔️d. serum creatinine or urine output from
baseline
During the oliguric phase of AKI, the nurse monitors the patient for (SATA).
a. hypotension
b. ECG changes
c. hypernatremia
d. pulmonary edema
What is the role of the nephron in kidney function?
Nephrons are the functional units of the kidney that filter blood, remove waste, and regulate fluid and
electrolyte balance. ✔️✔️
What are the common diagnostic imaging techniques used for AKI?
Common imaging techniques include ultrasound, CT scans, and MRI, which can help identify structural
abnormalities or obstructions. ✔️✔️
What lifestyle modifications can reduce the risk of AKI?
Lifestyle modifications such as staying hydrated, managing chronic conditions, avoiding nephrotoxic
medications, and maintaining a healthy diet can reduce AKI risk. ✔️✔️
How is urine output monitored in patients with AKI?
Urine output is often monitored hourly in hospitalized patients to assess kidney function and detect any
deterioration. ✔️✔️
What is the significance of the RIFLE criteria in AKI?
The RIFLE criteria classify the severity of AKI based on changes in serum creatinine, urine output, and the
duration of kidney injury, aiding in diagnosis and treatment. ✔️✔️
How can controlling blood pressure help prevent CKD?
Controlling blood pressure can prevent damage to kidney blood vessels, reducing the risk of CKD
progression and associated complications. ✔️✔️
What is the connection between obesity and CKD?
Obesity is a risk factor for CKD as it can lead to conditions like hypertension and diabetes, which increase
the likelihood of kidney damage. ✔️✔️
,How can electrolyte imbalances affect CKD patients?
Electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia (high potassium), can cause serious health issues,
including heart rhythm disturbances in CKD patients. ✔️✔️
What is the significance of urine tests in diagnosing CKD?
Urine tests help detect proteinuria, hematuria, and other abnormalities that indicate kidney damage or
disease progression in CKD. ✔️✔️
What are the potential side effects of medications used to treat CKD?
Side effects of CKD medications may include gastrointestinal issues, electrolyte imbalances, and
interactions with other medications. ✔️✔️
How does the presence of diabetes affect kidney health?
Diabetes can damage the blood vessels in the kidneys over time, leading to diabetic nephropathy and an
increased risk of CKD. ✔️✔️
What lifestyle changes can help manage high blood pressure in CKD patients?
Lifestyle changes such as adopting a low-sodium diet, regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy
weight, and avoiding tobacco can help manage blood pressure. ✔️✔️
What role does potassium play in kidney function?
Potassium helps regulate heart function and muscle contraction; however, excess potassium can be
dangerous, especially in patients with compromised kidney function. ✔️✔️
How can stress management benefit patients with CKD?
Effective stress management can improve overall health, enhance coping strategies, and potentially
slow the progression of kidney disease. ✔️✔️
What are the signs of kidney stones, and how can they relate to AKI?
, Signs of kidney stones include severe pain in the back or side, blood in urine, and frequent urination;
they can cause obstruction, leading to AKI. ✔️✔️
What is the significance of lifestyle counseling for CKD patients?
Lifestyle counseling provides patients with information and strategies to manage their condition,
promote healthier habits, and improve their quality of life. ✔️✔️
which descriptions characterize acute kidney injury (SATA)?
a. primary cause of death is infection
b. it almost always affects older people
c. disease course is potentially reversible
d. most common cause is diabetic nephropathy
e. cardiovascular disease is most common cause of death ✔️✔️a. primary cause of death is infection
c. disease course is potentially reversible
RIFLE defines three stages of AKI based on changes in
a. BP and urine osmolality
b. fractional excretion of urinary sodium
c. estimation of GFR with the MDRD equation
d. serum creatinine or urine output from baseline ✔️✔️d. serum creatinine or urine output from
baseline
During the oliguric phase of AKI, the nurse monitors the patient for (SATA).
a. hypotension
b. ECG changes
c. hypernatremia
d. pulmonary edema
