PLEASE STILL BE MINDFUL OF ERRORS, NOT 100% FULL-PROOF
LEC 02 – BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR
KEY DETAIL SUBDETAIL 1 SUBDETAIL 2 FROM LECTURE
2.1 MECHANISMS OF BEHAVIOR Specify the source and assess
if (e.g.,) loud or not, near…
1. Receiving Mechanism Adaptability Power to become used to
● Comprised of sense organs which particular stimulus
receives all stimuli from the Experience to being adapted
environment in an environment we’re not
2. Connecting Mechanism used to
● Comprised of the neurons and Nervous SI–C–S--A
System (where nerve impulses are
conducted to) Types of Sense Organs (Location)
3. Reacting Mechanism
Receptors: cells or group of cells specialized to
● Comprised of the muscles and glands
respond to relatively small changes in a
particular kind of energy
Side Note: in this outline, the reacting Exteroceptors Found in the eyes, ears, nose,
mechanism is detailed first before the mouth, and skin
connecting mechanism
are sensitive to external
stimulus
2.1.1 THE RECEIVING MECHANISM Interoceptors Found in the respiratory
tract, digestive, and
genito-urinary tract
2.1.1.1 SENSE ORGANS
Where/how we feel hunger
(stomach) and thirst
Sense organs (esophagus) (both do not
➥ Sensitive nerve endings located in certain involve the mouth);
body parts genito-urinary includes the
➥ Receptors of stimulus sex drive
Proprioceptors Embedded in muscles,
Stimulus: anything which initiates an tendons, and joints
organic activity
Has a dependence on the age
of the person (acc. to Google
Attributes/Characteristics of Sense proprioception declines or
Organs becomes impaired with
age??)
Sensitivity and Power to react to stimulus; No
Irritability S = No I
SIDE TOPIC: SENSATION & PERCEPTION (LEC 03)
Conductivity Power to conduct nerve
impulses Sensation
Specificity Attribute of reacting to
➥ Simple experiences which arise from the
particular stimulus (e.g., light stimulation of the sense organs
waves stimulate the eyes) ➥ 2 elements: stimulus and receptors
, of the body
continued…
Other Related Terms (from K&A) Cardiac Related to the heart
Perception Characteristics
➥ Interpretation of a stimulus – as Contractility Power of muscles to shorten
differentiated from the simple experience
of a stimulation Tonicity Power to be in partial
Sensory Adaptation contraction
➥ Any reduction in sensitivity to stimulus as
Extensibility Power of muscles to stretch
stimulation persists through time
➥ Sense organs have the capacity to adapt Elasticity Power to resume its original
(adaptability attribute??) to stimulus when shape
such stimulus persists for quite a time
Treshold Additional Notes from K&A
➥ Generally: the level of stimulus energy
which must be exceeded before a response Functions
occurs ➥ To lend shape to the body (as the skeletal
or voluntary muscles of the arms and legs
do)
➥ To propel food and waste products along
the intestinal pathway (as smooth
muscles in the digestive tract do)
➥ For movement (as when the arms and
legs move or when we move the mouth to
form sounds of speech)
➥ To control the flow of blood,
(or refer to matrix activity #03) automatically opening and closing the
blood vessels in response to body needs
✕ equilibratory/vestibular senses are closely ➥ To convert mechanical energy into
associated (and similar to) kinesthetic mechanical work
✕ Skin = largest sense organ ➥ To generate heat
✕ Acc. to Google results hearing is the fastest
sense (*olfactory it seems nakalagay sa notes
Conditions for Speed of Muscular Reaction
ni Miller)
➥ Nerve pathways (blocked/open)
➥ Muscles (relaxed/fatigued)
➥ Strength of stimulus
2.1.2 THE REACTING MECHANISM
Other Facts
A. MUSCLES ➥ Muscle fibers cannot be manufactured
○ Growth of a muscle results from an
Three Kinds/Types increase in the size of individual muscle
cells (hence, the kind of exercise is
Voluntary Stripe, skeletal, or striated
important)
Involuntary Visceral*, smooth, or ➥ Glucose = principal source of muscle
unstriated energy
*related to internal organs in the main cavities
LEC 02 – BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR
KEY DETAIL SUBDETAIL 1 SUBDETAIL 2 FROM LECTURE
2.1 MECHANISMS OF BEHAVIOR Specify the source and assess
if (e.g.,) loud or not, near…
1. Receiving Mechanism Adaptability Power to become used to
● Comprised of sense organs which particular stimulus
receives all stimuli from the Experience to being adapted
environment in an environment we’re not
2. Connecting Mechanism used to
● Comprised of the neurons and Nervous SI–C–S--A
System (where nerve impulses are
conducted to) Types of Sense Organs (Location)
3. Reacting Mechanism
Receptors: cells or group of cells specialized to
● Comprised of the muscles and glands
respond to relatively small changes in a
particular kind of energy
Side Note: in this outline, the reacting Exteroceptors Found in the eyes, ears, nose,
mechanism is detailed first before the mouth, and skin
connecting mechanism
are sensitive to external
stimulus
2.1.1 THE RECEIVING MECHANISM Interoceptors Found in the respiratory
tract, digestive, and
genito-urinary tract
2.1.1.1 SENSE ORGANS
Where/how we feel hunger
(stomach) and thirst
Sense organs (esophagus) (both do not
➥ Sensitive nerve endings located in certain involve the mouth);
body parts genito-urinary includes the
➥ Receptors of stimulus sex drive
Proprioceptors Embedded in muscles,
Stimulus: anything which initiates an tendons, and joints
organic activity
Has a dependence on the age
of the person (acc. to Google
Attributes/Characteristics of Sense proprioception declines or
Organs becomes impaired with
age??)
Sensitivity and Power to react to stimulus; No
Irritability S = No I
SIDE TOPIC: SENSATION & PERCEPTION (LEC 03)
Conductivity Power to conduct nerve
impulses Sensation
Specificity Attribute of reacting to
➥ Simple experiences which arise from the
particular stimulus (e.g., light stimulation of the sense organs
waves stimulate the eyes) ➥ 2 elements: stimulus and receptors
, of the body
continued…
Other Related Terms (from K&A) Cardiac Related to the heart
Perception Characteristics
➥ Interpretation of a stimulus – as Contractility Power of muscles to shorten
differentiated from the simple experience
of a stimulation Tonicity Power to be in partial
Sensory Adaptation contraction
➥ Any reduction in sensitivity to stimulus as
Extensibility Power of muscles to stretch
stimulation persists through time
➥ Sense organs have the capacity to adapt Elasticity Power to resume its original
(adaptability attribute??) to stimulus when shape
such stimulus persists for quite a time
Treshold Additional Notes from K&A
➥ Generally: the level of stimulus energy
which must be exceeded before a response Functions
occurs ➥ To lend shape to the body (as the skeletal
or voluntary muscles of the arms and legs
do)
➥ To propel food and waste products along
the intestinal pathway (as smooth
muscles in the digestive tract do)
➥ For movement (as when the arms and
legs move or when we move the mouth to
form sounds of speech)
➥ To control the flow of blood,
(or refer to matrix activity #03) automatically opening and closing the
blood vessels in response to body needs
✕ equilibratory/vestibular senses are closely ➥ To convert mechanical energy into
associated (and similar to) kinesthetic mechanical work
✕ Skin = largest sense organ ➥ To generate heat
✕ Acc. to Google results hearing is the fastest
sense (*olfactory it seems nakalagay sa notes
Conditions for Speed of Muscular Reaction
ni Miller)
➥ Nerve pathways (blocked/open)
➥ Muscles (relaxed/fatigued)
➥ Strength of stimulus
2.1.2 THE REACTING MECHANISM
Other Facts
A. MUSCLES ➥ Muscle fibers cannot be manufactured
○ Growth of a muscle results from an
Three Kinds/Types increase in the size of individual muscle
cells (hence, the kind of exercise is
Voluntary Stripe, skeletal, or striated
important)
Involuntary Visceral*, smooth, or ➥ Glucose = principal source of muscle
unstriated energy
*related to internal organs in the main cavities
