MSN570/ MSN 570 (Latest 2023/ 2024) Advanced
Pathophysiology Exam Review| Complete Guide with
Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct
What is the purpose of activation of the sympathetic nervous system, the renin-
angiotensin-aldosterone system, and the antidiuretic system in the presence of
impaired cardiac pumping and or filling? - ANSWER Production of arterial
vasoconstriction
The sympathetic nervous system, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and the
antidiuretic system work together to form a neurohormonal response that is activated
in the presence of heart failure. These systems are activated to produce arterial
vasoconstriction.
Systemic hypotension is defined as a: - ANSWER Stroke volume of 32ml/m2
Systemic hypotension, which is present in most patients with cariogenic shock, is
defined as a persistent systolic blood pressure below 80-90 or mean blood pressure
30mmHg lower than the patient's baseline level. In Cardiogenic shock, hypotension
results from a decrease in stroke volume and a severe reduction in the cardiac
index.
Which one of the following causes reactive hyperemia - ANSWER Raynaud
phenomenon
Reactive hyperemia occurs when a blood vessel is constricted for a prolonged period
and then dilates suddenly, producing substantially increased blood flow to the area.
Diastolic heart failure is a result of impairment in the - ANSWER Right Ventricle
In diastolic heart failure (HF) left ventricular filling is impaired, resulting in increased
LV end-diastolic pressure at rest or during exertion.
An elevation of which laboratory finding is indicative of a myocardial infarction -
ANSWER Troponin
A congenital heart defect that warrants emergency medical and surgical intervention
is - ANSWER A cyanotic defect that decreases pulmonary blood flow
A cyanotic defect that decreases pulmonary blood flow requires emergency medical
and surgical interventions. This defect increases pulmonary resistance, leading to
increased right-sided pressure and shunting of blood to the left ventricle
Which of the following is true about the normal function of an infant heart - ANSWER
The left ventricle pumps oxygen rich blood
, In a patient with atrial septal defect, split heart sounds are due to: - ANSWER left-
to-right shunting of blood
A pediatric patient with a ventricular septal defect would have which type of murmur -
ANSWER Holosystolic
Which heart condition is referred to as "enlarged heart"? - ANSWER Ventricular
hypertrophy
Which of the following cardiac rhythms is characterized by P waves that precede
each QRS interval - ANSWER Sinus Bradycardia
Which one of the following is NOT present in tetralogy of Fallot? - ANSWER Patent
ductus arteriosus
The accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity is - ANSWER Pericardial effusion
Diastole: - ANSWER is the minimum arterial pressure exerted during relaxation and
dilation of the ventricles
Which of the following is NOT associated with acute coronary syndrome - ANSWER
Heart Failure
Which condition is a direct acute cause of pulmonary hypertension, leading to right
heart failure - ANSWER Pulmonary embolism
Sick sinus syndrome is described as the - ANSWER Destruction of the SA node
and changes in the nerves and ganglia
Which one of the following is secreted by the ventricular myocytes and assists in the
diagnosis of heart failure - ANSWER Brain natriuretic peptide
A reduced risk of cardiovascular disease has been associated with aggressive
control of: - ANSWER low-density lipoproteins
Cardiogenic shock in the presence of an acute mycardial infarction typically involves:
- ANSWER decrease in stroke volume and decrease in cardiac output
Mortality associated with Kawasaki syndrome is most likely related to - ANSWER
Coronary artery aneurysm
A common cause of diastolic heart failure is - ANSWER hypertension
Which of the following is not a deficit of tetralogy of Fallot - ANSWER An
enlargement of the tricuspid valves
Atherosclerosis in the lower extremities commonly causes - ANSWER Peripheral
artery disease
Pathophysiology Exam Review| Complete Guide with
Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct
What is the purpose of activation of the sympathetic nervous system, the renin-
angiotensin-aldosterone system, and the antidiuretic system in the presence of
impaired cardiac pumping and or filling? - ANSWER Production of arterial
vasoconstriction
The sympathetic nervous system, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and the
antidiuretic system work together to form a neurohormonal response that is activated
in the presence of heart failure. These systems are activated to produce arterial
vasoconstriction.
Systemic hypotension is defined as a: - ANSWER Stroke volume of 32ml/m2
Systemic hypotension, which is present in most patients with cariogenic shock, is
defined as a persistent systolic blood pressure below 80-90 or mean blood pressure
30mmHg lower than the patient's baseline level. In Cardiogenic shock, hypotension
results from a decrease in stroke volume and a severe reduction in the cardiac
index.
Which one of the following causes reactive hyperemia - ANSWER Raynaud
phenomenon
Reactive hyperemia occurs when a blood vessel is constricted for a prolonged period
and then dilates suddenly, producing substantially increased blood flow to the area.
Diastolic heart failure is a result of impairment in the - ANSWER Right Ventricle
In diastolic heart failure (HF) left ventricular filling is impaired, resulting in increased
LV end-diastolic pressure at rest or during exertion.
An elevation of which laboratory finding is indicative of a myocardial infarction -
ANSWER Troponin
A congenital heart defect that warrants emergency medical and surgical intervention
is - ANSWER A cyanotic defect that decreases pulmonary blood flow
A cyanotic defect that decreases pulmonary blood flow requires emergency medical
and surgical interventions. This defect increases pulmonary resistance, leading to
increased right-sided pressure and shunting of blood to the left ventricle
Which of the following is true about the normal function of an infant heart - ANSWER
The left ventricle pumps oxygen rich blood
, In a patient with atrial septal defect, split heart sounds are due to: - ANSWER left-
to-right shunting of blood
A pediatric patient with a ventricular septal defect would have which type of murmur -
ANSWER Holosystolic
Which heart condition is referred to as "enlarged heart"? - ANSWER Ventricular
hypertrophy
Which of the following cardiac rhythms is characterized by P waves that precede
each QRS interval - ANSWER Sinus Bradycardia
Which one of the following is NOT present in tetralogy of Fallot? - ANSWER Patent
ductus arteriosus
The accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity is - ANSWER Pericardial effusion
Diastole: - ANSWER is the minimum arterial pressure exerted during relaxation and
dilation of the ventricles
Which of the following is NOT associated with acute coronary syndrome - ANSWER
Heart Failure
Which condition is a direct acute cause of pulmonary hypertension, leading to right
heart failure - ANSWER Pulmonary embolism
Sick sinus syndrome is described as the - ANSWER Destruction of the SA node
and changes in the nerves and ganglia
Which one of the following is secreted by the ventricular myocytes and assists in the
diagnosis of heart failure - ANSWER Brain natriuretic peptide
A reduced risk of cardiovascular disease has been associated with aggressive
control of: - ANSWER low-density lipoproteins
Cardiogenic shock in the presence of an acute mycardial infarction typically involves:
- ANSWER decrease in stroke volume and decrease in cardiac output
Mortality associated with Kawasaki syndrome is most likely related to - ANSWER
Coronary artery aneurysm
A common cause of diastolic heart failure is - ANSWER hypertension
Which of the following is not a deficit of tetralogy of Fallot - ANSWER An
enlargement of the tricuspid valves
Atherosclerosis in the lower extremities commonly causes - ANSWER Peripheral
artery disease
