MSN570/ MSN 570 (Latest 2023/ 2024) Advanced
Pathophysiology Exam Review| Complete Guide with
Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct
cryptorchidism risk factors - ANSWER - Low birth weight
- Premature birth
- Family history
- Fetal growth restriction (Down Syndrome or abdominal wall defect)
- Alcohol use during pregnancy
- Cigarette smoking
- Parents' exposure to some pesticides
trichomonas symptoms - ANSWER Vaginal pain and itching
Profuse foamy, strong smelling vaginal discharge
Labial swelling and itching
Burning during urination
trichomonas pathogen - ANSWER anaerobic parasitic protozoan that adheres to
squamous epithelial cells
trichomonas treatment - ANSWER Metronidazole (Flagyl) 2 grams orally (single
dose) men
polycystic ovary syndrome - ANSWER condition typically characterized by
hormonal imbalances, ovulatory dysfunction, and multiple ovarian cysts
PCOS symptoms - ANSWER Menstrual irregularity
infertility
Hirsutism
obesity and metabolic syndrome
acne
PCOS treatment - ANSWER Metformin, progesterone
PCOS hormones - ANSWER increased LH
increased prolactin
decreased estrogen
increased androgens
increased insulin
orchiopexy - ANSWER surgical fixation of a testicle
luteinizing hormone - ANSWER A protein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary
that stimulates ovulation in females and androgen production in males.
, hypogonadism - ANSWER decrease or lack of hormones normally produced by the
gonads
hypogonadism symptoms - ANSWER Loss of body hair
Muscle loss
Abnormal breast growth
Reduced growth of penis and testicles
Erectile dysfunction
Osteoporosis
Low or absent sex drive
Infertility
Fatigue
Hot flashes
Difficulty concentrating
Decreased libido
hypogonadism test - ANSWER gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
restores testosterone
absence of LH hormone after administration implies hypothalamic pituitary gonadal
(HPG) axis is malfunctioning instead of the testicles
secondary hypogonadism - ANSWER pituitary dysfunction, LH not released
primary hypogonadism - ANSWER testicular failure
DIC - ANSWER disseminated intravascular coagulation
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation - ANSWER excessive clot formation but
also by simultaneous depletion of clotting factors and platelets, leading to a
hemorrhagic
clotting steps - ANSWER 1. vascular spasm
2. platelet plug formation
3. coagulation
Things that initiate DIC - ANSWER infections and obstetric issues such as uterine
rupture
primary intention - ANSWER primary union of the edges of a wound
secondary intention - ANSWER Wound closure in which the edges are separated;
granulation tissue develops to fill the gap; and, finally, epithelium grows in over the
granulation, producing a larger scar than results with primary intention.
4 stages of wound healing - ANSWER hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation,
remodeling
coagulation cascade - ANSWER exposed collagen + tissue factor
platelets bind collagen + fibrin stbz via thrombin
Pathophysiology Exam Review| Complete Guide with
Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct
cryptorchidism risk factors - ANSWER - Low birth weight
- Premature birth
- Family history
- Fetal growth restriction (Down Syndrome or abdominal wall defect)
- Alcohol use during pregnancy
- Cigarette smoking
- Parents' exposure to some pesticides
trichomonas symptoms - ANSWER Vaginal pain and itching
Profuse foamy, strong smelling vaginal discharge
Labial swelling and itching
Burning during urination
trichomonas pathogen - ANSWER anaerobic parasitic protozoan that adheres to
squamous epithelial cells
trichomonas treatment - ANSWER Metronidazole (Flagyl) 2 grams orally (single
dose) men
polycystic ovary syndrome - ANSWER condition typically characterized by
hormonal imbalances, ovulatory dysfunction, and multiple ovarian cysts
PCOS symptoms - ANSWER Menstrual irregularity
infertility
Hirsutism
obesity and metabolic syndrome
acne
PCOS treatment - ANSWER Metformin, progesterone
PCOS hormones - ANSWER increased LH
increased prolactin
decreased estrogen
increased androgens
increased insulin
orchiopexy - ANSWER surgical fixation of a testicle
luteinizing hormone - ANSWER A protein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary
that stimulates ovulation in females and androgen production in males.
, hypogonadism - ANSWER decrease or lack of hormones normally produced by the
gonads
hypogonadism symptoms - ANSWER Loss of body hair
Muscle loss
Abnormal breast growth
Reduced growth of penis and testicles
Erectile dysfunction
Osteoporosis
Low or absent sex drive
Infertility
Fatigue
Hot flashes
Difficulty concentrating
Decreased libido
hypogonadism test - ANSWER gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
restores testosterone
absence of LH hormone after administration implies hypothalamic pituitary gonadal
(HPG) axis is malfunctioning instead of the testicles
secondary hypogonadism - ANSWER pituitary dysfunction, LH not released
primary hypogonadism - ANSWER testicular failure
DIC - ANSWER disseminated intravascular coagulation
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation - ANSWER excessive clot formation but
also by simultaneous depletion of clotting factors and platelets, leading to a
hemorrhagic
clotting steps - ANSWER 1. vascular spasm
2. platelet plug formation
3. coagulation
Things that initiate DIC - ANSWER infections and obstetric issues such as uterine
rupture
primary intention - ANSWER primary union of the edges of a wound
secondary intention - ANSWER Wound closure in which the edges are separated;
granulation tissue develops to fill the gap; and, finally, epithelium grows in over the
granulation, producing a larger scar than results with primary intention.
4 stages of wound healing - ANSWER hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation,
remodeling
coagulation cascade - ANSWER exposed collagen + tissue factor
platelets bind collagen + fibrin stbz via thrombin
