PDHPE Preliminary Core 2: The Body in
Motion Exam With Verified Solutions.
What are the functions of the skeletal system? - Answer Supports, protects, allows movement, supply
of blood cells
What is the anatomical position - Answer A reference position where the subject is standing erect,
facing front on and with palms facing forward.
Directional Terms - Superior - Answer Towards the head; for example, the chest is superior to the hips
Directional Terms - Inferior - Answer Towards the feet; for example, the foot is inferior to the leg
Directional Terms - Anterior - Answer Towards the front; for example, the breast is on the anterior
chest wall
Directional Terms - Posterior - Answer Towards the back; for example, the backbone is posterior to the
heart
Directional Terms - Medial - Answer Towards the midline of the body; for example, the big toe is on the
medial side of the foot
Directional Terms - Lateral - Answer Towards the side of the body; for example, the little toe is on the
lateral side of the foot
Directional Terms - Proximal - Answer Towards the body's mass; for example, the shoulder is proximal
to the elbow
Directional Terms - Distal - Answer Away from the body's mass; for example, the elbow is distal to the
shoulder.
, Name the types of bone - Answer Long (eg. femur), short (eg. carpals), flat (eg. scapula), irregular (eg.
vertebrae)
Name the 5 sections of the vertebrae column - Answer Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, Coccyx
Joints are classified into 3 types - name them - Answer Fibrous (immovable), Cartilaginous (slightly
movable), Synovial (freely movable)
Name the 6 synovial joints and provide an example of each - Answer Hinge Joint (elbow), Saddle Joint
(Thumb), Ball and Socket Joint (Hip), Ellipsoid/Condyloid (Metacarpals), Gliding Joint (Carpals)
Name the features of the synovial joints - Answer Ligaments (connect bone to bone and provide
stability), Tendons (connect muscle to bone, strengthen the joint and allow it to move), Synovial Fluid
(lubricates the joint and nourishes the cartilage), Cartilage (smooth, shiny surface of the bones, allows
them to glide freely and absorb shock)
Name the 3 types of muscle tissue - Answer Skeletal (primarily attached to bone, moves the skeleton
and is voluntary), Cardiac (makes up the bulk of the heart muscle and is involuntary) and Smooth
(located on the walls of internal structures eg stomach, intestines and is primarily involuntary)
Name the 3 basic functions of the Muscular System - Answer Heat production, stabilisation, produce
movement
Define Origin and Insertion - Answer Origin - The muscle's point of attachment to the more stationary
bone is called its origin. In most cases, this point is nearer the trunk
Insertion - The insertion of a muscle is the point of attachment at the moveable end. This end tends to
be away from the body's main mass.
Name the 3 muscle actions - Answer Agonist - An agonist or prime mover (shortens) is the muscle
causing the major action.
Antagonist - An antagonist is a muscle that must relax and lengthen to allow the agonist to contract.
Stabiliser - Or fixator muscles act at a joint to stabilise it, giving the muscles a fixed base.
Motion Exam With Verified Solutions.
What are the functions of the skeletal system? - Answer Supports, protects, allows movement, supply
of blood cells
What is the anatomical position - Answer A reference position where the subject is standing erect,
facing front on and with palms facing forward.
Directional Terms - Superior - Answer Towards the head; for example, the chest is superior to the hips
Directional Terms - Inferior - Answer Towards the feet; for example, the foot is inferior to the leg
Directional Terms - Anterior - Answer Towards the front; for example, the breast is on the anterior
chest wall
Directional Terms - Posterior - Answer Towards the back; for example, the backbone is posterior to the
heart
Directional Terms - Medial - Answer Towards the midline of the body; for example, the big toe is on the
medial side of the foot
Directional Terms - Lateral - Answer Towards the side of the body; for example, the little toe is on the
lateral side of the foot
Directional Terms - Proximal - Answer Towards the body's mass; for example, the shoulder is proximal
to the elbow
Directional Terms - Distal - Answer Away from the body's mass; for example, the elbow is distal to the
shoulder.
, Name the types of bone - Answer Long (eg. femur), short (eg. carpals), flat (eg. scapula), irregular (eg.
vertebrae)
Name the 5 sections of the vertebrae column - Answer Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, Coccyx
Joints are classified into 3 types - name them - Answer Fibrous (immovable), Cartilaginous (slightly
movable), Synovial (freely movable)
Name the 6 synovial joints and provide an example of each - Answer Hinge Joint (elbow), Saddle Joint
(Thumb), Ball and Socket Joint (Hip), Ellipsoid/Condyloid (Metacarpals), Gliding Joint (Carpals)
Name the features of the synovial joints - Answer Ligaments (connect bone to bone and provide
stability), Tendons (connect muscle to bone, strengthen the joint and allow it to move), Synovial Fluid
(lubricates the joint and nourishes the cartilage), Cartilage (smooth, shiny surface of the bones, allows
them to glide freely and absorb shock)
Name the 3 types of muscle tissue - Answer Skeletal (primarily attached to bone, moves the skeleton
and is voluntary), Cardiac (makes up the bulk of the heart muscle and is involuntary) and Smooth
(located on the walls of internal structures eg stomach, intestines and is primarily involuntary)
Name the 3 basic functions of the Muscular System - Answer Heat production, stabilisation, produce
movement
Define Origin and Insertion - Answer Origin - The muscle's point of attachment to the more stationary
bone is called its origin. In most cases, this point is nearer the trunk
Insertion - The insertion of a muscle is the point of attachment at the moveable end. This end tends to
be away from the body's main mass.
Name the 3 muscle actions - Answer Agonist - An agonist or prime mover (shortens) is the muscle
causing the major action.
Antagonist - An antagonist is a muscle that must relax and lengthen to allow the agonist to contract.
Stabiliser - Or fixator muscles act at a joint to stabilise it, giving the muscles a fixed base.
