NR 509||FINAL QUESTIONS WELL
STRUCTURED AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS (2024/2025) GRADED A+
Know that in a 47-year-old man ED is usually ___________ rather than
testosterone (correct answer)psychologic
Erectile dysfunction may be from psychogenic causes, especially if
(correct answer)early morning erection is preserved.
it may also reflect decreased testosterone, decreased blood flow in the
hypogastric arterial system, impaired neural innervation, and diabetes
When performing a breast exam, know what abnormal masses should do
when the arm (correct answer)may be fixed to skin or underlying tissues
(may cause dimpling of skin or retraction when arms are lifted over head
or hands are pressed against hips)
Fibroadenoma and cysts mobility (correct answer)very mobile/mobile
Know that a high proportion of breast masses are noted during ________
(correct answer)BSE
Breast stage 1 (correct answer)preadolescent- elevation of nipple only
,Breast stage 2 (correct answer)breast bud stage- elevation of breast and
nipple as a small mound; enlargement of areolar diameter
breast stage 3 (correct answer)further enlargement of elevation of breast
and areola, with no separation of their contours
breast stage 4 (correct answer)projection of areola and nipple to form a
secondary mound above the level of breast
breast stage 5 (correct answer)mature stage- projection of nipple only;
areola has receded to general contour of the breast (although in some
individuals the areola continues to form a secondary mound)
Know where pain is located with pancreatitis: acute (correct
answer)epigastric, may radiation straight to the back of other areas of the
abdomen; 20% with severe sequelae of organ failure
Know where pain is located with pancreatitis: chronic (correct
answer)epigastric, radiating to back
Know how hepatitis A is transmitted (correct answer)Transmitted
through fecal-oral route. Fecal shedding followed by poor handwashing
contaminates water and foods leading to infection of household and
sexual contacts
, Stress incontinence (correct answer)the urethral sphincter is weakened
so that transient increases in intra-abdominal pressure raise the bladder
pressure to levels that exceed urethral resistance. Causes include
childbirth and surgery, postmenopausal atrophy of the mucosa, and
urethral infection. May follow prostate surgery in men.
urge incontinence (correct answer)detrusor contractions are stronger
than normal and overcome the normal urethral resistance. The bladder is
typically small. Mechanisms: Decreased cortical inhibition of detrusor
contractions from stroke, brain tumor, dementia, and lesions of the
spinal cord above sacral level. Also hyperexcitability of sensory
pathways ie: bladder infections, tumors, and fecal impaction.
Deconditioning of voiding reflexes ie: frequent voluntary voiding at low
bladder volumes.
overflow incontinence (correct answer)detrusor contractions are
insufficient to overcome urethral resistance, causing urinary retention.
The bladder is typically flaccid and large, even after an effort to void.
Mechanisms: obstruction of the bladder outlet ie: BPH or tumor.
Weakness of the detrusor muscle associated with peripheral nerve
disease at S2-4 level. Impaired bladder sensation that interrupts the
reflex arc ie: diabetic neuropathy.
functional incontinence (correct answer)the patient is functionally able
to reach the toilet in time because of impaired health or environmental
conditions. Mechanism: problems in mobility resulting from weakness,
arthritis, poor vision, or other conditions. Also environmental factors
such as an unfamiliar setting, distant bathroom facilities, bed rails, or
physical restraints.
STRUCTURED AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS (2024/2025) GRADED A+
Know that in a 47-year-old man ED is usually ___________ rather than
testosterone (correct answer)psychologic
Erectile dysfunction may be from psychogenic causes, especially if
(correct answer)early morning erection is preserved.
it may also reflect decreased testosterone, decreased blood flow in the
hypogastric arterial system, impaired neural innervation, and diabetes
When performing a breast exam, know what abnormal masses should do
when the arm (correct answer)may be fixed to skin or underlying tissues
(may cause dimpling of skin or retraction when arms are lifted over head
or hands are pressed against hips)
Fibroadenoma and cysts mobility (correct answer)very mobile/mobile
Know that a high proportion of breast masses are noted during ________
(correct answer)BSE
Breast stage 1 (correct answer)preadolescent- elevation of nipple only
,Breast stage 2 (correct answer)breast bud stage- elevation of breast and
nipple as a small mound; enlargement of areolar diameter
breast stage 3 (correct answer)further enlargement of elevation of breast
and areola, with no separation of their contours
breast stage 4 (correct answer)projection of areola and nipple to form a
secondary mound above the level of breast
breast stage 5 (correct answer)mature stage- projection of nipple only;
areola has receded to general contour of the breast (although in some
individuals the areola continues to form a secondary mound)
Know where pain is located with pancreatitis: acute (correct
answer)epigastric, may radiation straight to the back of other areas of the
abdomen; 20% with severe sequelae of organ failure
Know where pain is located with pancreatitis: chronic (correct
answer)epigastric, radiating to back
Know how hepatitis A is transmitted (correct answer)Transmitted
through fecal-oral route. Fecal shedding followed by poor handwashing
contaminates water and foods leading to infection of household and
sexual contacts
, Stress incontinence (correct answer)the urethral sphincter is weakened
so that transient increases in intra-abdominal pressure raise the bladder
pressure to levels that exceed urethral resistance. Causes include
childbirth and surgery, postmenopausal atrophy of the mucosa, and
urethral infection. May follow prostate surgery in men.
urge incontinence (correct answer)detrusor contractions are stronger
than normal and overcome the normal urethral resistance. The bladder is
typically small. Mechanisms: Decreased cortical inhibition of detrusor
contractions from stroke, brain tumor, dementia, and lesions of the
spinal cord above sacral level. Also hyperexcitability of sensory
pathways ie: bladder infections, tumors, and fecal impaction.
Deconditioning of voiding reflexes ie: frequent voluntary voiding at low
bladder volumes.
overflow incontinence (correct answer)detrusor contractions are
insufficient to overcome urethral resistance, causing urinary retention.
The bladder is typically flaccid and large, even after an effort to void.
Mechanisms: obstruction of the bladder outlet ie: BPH or tumor.
Weakness of the detrusor muscle associated with peripheral nerve
disease at S2-4 level. Impaired bladder sensation that interrupts the
reflex arc ie: diabetic neuropathy.
functional incontinence (correct answer)the patient is functionally able
to reach the toilet in time because of impaired health or environmental
conditions. Mechanism: problems in mobility resulting from weakness,
arthritis, poor vision, or other conditions. Also environmental factors
such as an unfamiliar setting, distant bathroom facilities, bed rails, or
physical restraints.
