PAS 6601 EXAM 5 Lab Tests JK
with 100% correct answers
Reasons to use Diagnostic Tests
1. confirm a suspected diagnosis
2. monitor disease progression or regression
3. assist with prognosis
4. Stratification of disease risk (diabetes)
5. Treatment selection (which antibiotic?)
4. monitor therapeutic response/drug levels
5. a guide for hospital adm/discharge
What is a Qualitative lab study?
detects whether or not a substance is present
- yes or no
- ex) pregnancy test
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What is a Quantitative lab study?
,indicates whether or not present and gives precise information
about HOW MUCH is present
- presented as a range
What is a Semi-Quantitative lab study?
detects presence or absence of a substance and also
gives estimations of the concentration of the substance
- combo of qualitative and quantitative studies
What is a BMP?
basic metabolic panel
- 2 renal function tests: BUN, Cr
- glucose
- Na+
- K+
- Cl-
- CO2
- calcium
BMP used for
Issues/concerns with:
1. kidneys
2. electrolyte balance
3. acid-base balance
More "general" reported symptoms:
1. fatigue
2. confustion
3. vomiting
4. trouble with breathing
What is a CMP?
**complete metabolic panel (BMP + liver panel)
- BMP
- 2 protein tests : total protein, serum albumin
- 4 liver assays
- Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)
- Alanine Amino transferase (ALT/SGPT)
- Aspartate Amino Transferase (AST/SGOT)
- bilirubin
CMP used for
,Issues/concerns with:
1. kidneys
2. electrolyte balance
3. acid-base balance
PLUS (+)
§Issues or concerns regarding the liver
§Nutritional status due to protein intake
What are the LYTES?
small panel for serum electrolytes
- anions =
- Cl-
- bicarbonate
- phosphate
- cations: Na, K, Mg/phos, Ca
What is Microbiology used for?
the identification of: bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites, other
organisms
culture and sensitivity (C&S)
Blood, CSF, Sputum, Urine, Stool, Thorat, Tissue, Lesion, Wound
Molecular Diagnostic Studies
Nucleaic acid Amplification Tests (NAATs)
Polymerase Chain Reaction Tests (PCR)
Immunoflouorescence Assays (IFA)
What is a gram stain?
provides rapid, initial information about the bacteria, so that
treatment may be initiated prior to culture result
Fungal Cultures
Require 4-6 weeks
KOH
Viral Cultures
, 7-14 days
Centrifuge-enhanced takes 1-2 days
Histology & Cytology
Evaluation of cells and tissues
Detect the numbers and types of cells pressent
Detect malignancy
Tumor staging
Pap smears
X rays: key points
***- most common imaging study ordered
- view air, fat, water, calcium, metal
- limited view of soft tissues (muscle, blood, liver - appears gray)
- dense structures appear more white (radiodense, radiopaque)
- less dense structures appear darker (radiolucent)
***- integration of 2 views provides maximal location
X rays: indications
- chest
- extremities
- abdomen - screening
- kidneys, ureters, bladder (KUB)
- barium swallows and enemas
CT: key points
- thin beam x rays analyzed by computer
- higher radiation and computer interpretation allows more
information to be gained
- precise cross sectional images
- not used for screening
- used to make specialized diagnoses
CT: indications
- thoracic and mediastinal structures
- intra abdominal organs and masses
- brain and its blood supply
- lymphatics and blood vessels
- contraindicated: pregnancy
Ultrasound: key points
with 100% correct answers
Reasons to use Diagnostic Tests
1. confirm a suspected diagnosis
2. monitor disease progression or regression
3. assist with prognosis
4. Stratification of disease risk (diabetes)
5. Treatment selection (which antibiotic?)
4. monitor therapeutic response/drug levels
5. a guide for hospital adm/discharge
What is a Qualitative lab study?
detects whether or not a substance is present
- yes or no
- ex) pregnancy test
Previous
Play
Next
Rewind 10 seconds
Move forward 10 seconds
Unmute
0:01
/
0:15
Full screen
Brainpower
Read More
What is a Quantitative lab study?
,indicates whether or not present and gives precise information
about HOW MUCH is present
- presented as a range
What is a Semi-Quantitative lab study?
detects presence or absence of a substance and also
gives estimations of the concentration of the substance
- combo of qualitative and quantitative studies
What is a BMP?
basic metabolic panel
- 2 renal function tests: BUN, Cr
- glucose
- Na+
- K+
- Cl-
- CO2
- calcium
BMP used for
Issues/concerns with:
1. kidneys
2. electrolyte balance
3. acid-base balance
More "general" reported symptoms:
1. fatigue
2. confustion
3. vomiting
4. trouble with breathing
What is a CMP?
**complete metabolic panel (BMP + liver panel)
- BMP
- 2 protein tests : total protein, serum albumin
- 4 liver assays
- Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)
- Alanine Amino transferase (ALT/SGPT)
- Aspartate Amino Transferase (AST/SGOT)
- bilirubin
CMP used for
,Issues/concerns with:
1. kidneys
2. electrolyte balance
3. acid-base balance
PLUS (+)
§Issues or concerns regarding the liver
§Nutritional status due to protein intake
What are the LYTES?
small panel for serum electrolytes
- anions =
- Cl-
- bicarbonate
- phosphate
- cations: Na, K, Mg/phos, Ca
What is Microbiology used for?
the identification of: bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites, other
organisms
culture and sensitivity (C&S)
Blood, CSF, Sputum, Urine, Stool, Thorat, Tissue, Lesion, Wound
Molecular Diagnostic Studies
Nucleaic acid Amplification Tests (NAATs)
Polymerase Chain Reaction Tests (PCR)
Immunoflouorescence Assays (IFA)
What is a gram stain?
provides rapid, initial information about the bacteria, so that
treatment may be initiated prior to culture result
Fungal Cultures
Require 4-6 weeks
KOH
Viral Cultures
, 7-14 days
Centrifuge-enhanced takes 1-2 days
Histology & Cytology
Evaluation of cells and tissues
Detect the numbers and types of cells pressent
Detect malignancy
Tumor staging
Pap smears
X rays: key points
***- most common imaging study ordered
- view air, fat, water, calcium, metal
- limited view of soft tissues (muscle, blood, liver - appears gray)
- dense structures appear more white (radiodense, radiopaque)
- less dense structures appear darker (radiolucent)
***- integration of 2 views provides maximal location
X rays: indications
- chest
- extremities
- abdomen - screening
- kidneys, ureters, bladder (KUB)
- barium swallows and enemas
CT: key points
- thin beam x rays analyzed by computer
- higher radiation and computer interpretation allows more
information to be gained
- precise cross sectional images
- not used for screening
- used to make specialized diagnoses
CT: indications
- thoracic and mediastinal structures
- intra abdominal organs and masses
- brain and its blood supply
- lymphatics and blood vessels
- contraindicated: pregnancy
Ultrasound: key points
