NR 329: Exam 1 Questions With COMPLETE
sOLUTIONS
Course
NR 329
Question 1:
What is the primary action of beta-blockers in the management of hypertension?
A) Vasodilation of blood vessels
B) Decreased heart rate and contractility
C) Increased renal blood flow
D) Decreased fluid retention
Answer: B) Decreased heart rate and contractility
Rationale: Beta-blockers work by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors, leading to a decrease
in heart rate and myocardial contractility, which reduces cardiac output and helps lower blood
pressure.
Question 2:
Which of the following is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors?
A) Hypokalemia
B) Cough
C) Tachycardia
D) Weight gain
Answer: B) Cough
Rationale: A persistent dry cough is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors due to the
accumulation of bradykinin, which can occur with this class of medications.
Question 3:
What is the priority nursing assessment for a patient receiving opioids for pain
management?
A) Blood pressure
B) Heart rate
C) Respiratory rate
D) Oxygen saturation
Answer: C) Respiratory rate
Rationale: Opioids can cause respiratory depression, making it crucial for nurses to monitor
the respiratory rate closely to ensure adequate ventilation.
,Question 4:
In the context of diabetes management, what does the term "sick day rules" refer to?
A) Avoiding medication during illness
B) Adjusting insulin and monitoring blood glucose more frequently
C) Skipping meals
D) Increasing physical activity
Answer: B) Adjusting insulin and monitoring blood glucose more frequently
Rationale: During illness, blood glucose levels can rise due to stress and illness,
necessitating adjustments in insulin dosage and more frequent monitoring to prevent
hyperglycemia.
Question 5:
Which lab value is essential to monitor in a patient taking warfarin?
A) Blood glucose
B) International normalized ratio (INR)
C) Potassium
D) Hemoglobin
Answer: B) International normalized ratio (INR)
Rationale: INR is used to monitor the effectiveness of warfarin therapy and to ensure that the
patient's blood coagulation levels are within the therapeutic range to prevent thrombosis or
bleeding.
Question 6:
What is the primary purpose of administering potassium-sparing diuretics?
A) To prevent potassium loss
B) To reduce fluid retention
C) To increase urine output
D) To decrease blood pressure
Answer: A) To prevent potassium loss
Rationale: Potassium-sparing diuretics help prevent the loss of potassium while promoting
diuresis and are often used in conjunction with other diuretics that can cause hypokalemia.
Question 7:
Which of the following assessments is most critical before administering a new
antihypertensive medication?
A) Patient’s weight
, B) Blood pressure
C) Blood glucose level
D) Serum creatinine level
Answer: B) Blood pressure
Rationale: Monitoring blood pressure is crucial before administering antihypertensive
medications to ensure the medication is appropriate and to avoid hypotension.
Question 8:
What is the primary mechanism of action for statins in managing hyperlipidemia?
A) Inhibiting cholesterol absorption in the intestine
B) Enhancing LDL receptor activity in the liver
C) Increasing bile acid secretion
D) Decreasing triglyceride synthesis
Answer: B) Enhancing LDL receptor activity in the liver
Rationale: Statins primarily work by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, which increases the
liver's ability to take up LDL cholesterol from the bloodstream by enhancing LDL receptor
activity.
Question 9:
What is an important nursing intervention for a patient receiving a blood transfusion?
A) Monitoring vital signs only after the transfusion is complete
B) Administering the transfusion rapidly
C) Observing for signs of transfusion reactions during the first 15 minutes
D) Ensuring that the blood is warmed before administration
Answer: C) Observing for signs of transfusion reactions during the first 15 minutes
Rationale: The first 15 minutes of a blood transfusion are critical for monitoring potential
transfusion reactions, and vital signs should be taken before, during, and after the transfusion.
Question 10:
Which dietary recommendation is essential for a patient diagnosed with heart failure?
A) High sodium intake
B) Increased protein intake
C) Fluid restriction
D) Increased carbohydrate intake
Answer: C) Fluid restriction
Rationale: Patients with heart failure often require fluid restrictions to prevent fluid
sOLUTIONS
Course
NR 329
Question 1:
What is the primary action of beta-blockers in the management of hypertension?
A) Vasodilation of blood vessels
B) Decreased heart rate and contractility
C) Increased renal blood flow
D) Decreased fluid retention
Answer: B) Decreased heart rate and contractility
Rationale: Beta-blockers work by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors, leading to a decrease
in heart rate and myocardial contractility, which reduces cardiac output and helps lower blood
pressure.
Question 2:
Which of the following is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors?
A) Hypokalemia
B) Cough
C) Tachycardia
D) Weight gain
Answer: B) Cough
Rationale: A persistent dry cough is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors due to the
accumulation of bradykinin, which can occur with this class of medications.
Question 3:
What is the priority nursing assessment for a patient receiving opioids for pain
management?
A) Blood pressure
B) Heart rate
C) Respiratory rate
D) Oxygen saturation
Answer: C) Respiratory rate
Rationale: Opioids can cause respiratory depression, making it crucial for nurses to monitor
the respiratory rate closely to ensure adequate ventilation.
,Question 4:
In the context of diabetes management, what does the term "sick day rules" refer to?
A) Avoiding medication during illness
B) Adjusting insulin and monitoring blood glucose more frequently
C) Skipping meals
D) Increasing physical activity
Answer: B) Adjusting insulin and monitoring blood glucose more frequently
Rationale: During illness, blood glucose levels can rise due to stress and illness,
necessitating adjustments in insulin dosage and more frequent monitoring to prevent
hyperglycemia.
Question 5:
Which lab value is essential to monitor in a patient taking warfarin?
A) Blood glucose
B) International normalized ratio (INR)
C) Potassium
D) Hemoglobin
Answer: B) International normalized ratio (INR)
Rationale: INR is used to monitor the effectiveness of warfarin therapy and to ensure that the
patient's blood coagulation levels are within the therapeutic range to prevent thrombosis or
bleeding.
Question 6:
What is the primary purpose of administering potassium-sparing diuretics?
A) To prevent potassium loss
B) To reduce fluid retention
C) To increase urine output
D) To decrease blood pressure
Answer: A) To prevent potassium loss
Rationale: Potassium-sparing diuretics help prevent the loss of potassium while promoting
diuresis and are often used in conjunction with other diuretics that can cause hypokalemia.
Question 7:
Which of the following assessments is most critical before administering a new
antihypertensive medication?
A) Patient’s weight
, B) Blood pressure
C) Blood glucose level
D) Serum creatinine level
Answer: B) Blood pressure
Rationale: Monitoring blood pressure is crucial before administering antihypertensive
medications to ensure the medication is appropriate and to avoid hypotension.
Question 8:
What is the primary mechanism of action for statins in managing hyperlipidemia?
A) Inhibiting cholesterol absorption in the intestine
B) Enhancing LDL receptor activity in the liver
C) Increasing bile acid secretion
D) Decreasing triglyceride synthesis
Answer: B) Enhancing LDL receptor activity in the liver
Rationale: Statins primarily work by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, which increases the
liver's ability to take up LDL cholesterol from the bloodstream by enhancing LDL receptor
activity.
Question 9:
What is an important nursing intervention for a patient receiving a blood transfusion?
A) Monitoring vital signs only after the transfusion is complete
B) Administering the transfusion rapidly
C) Observing for signs of transfusion reactions during the first 15 minutes
D) Ensuring that the blood is warmed before administration
Answer: C) Observing for signs of transfusion reactions during the first 15 minutes
Rationale: The first 15 minutes of a blood transfusion are critical for monitoring potential
transfusion reactions, and vital signs should be taken before, during, and after the transfusion.
Question 10:
Which dietary recommendation is essential for a patient diagnosed with heart failure?
A) High sodium intake
B) Increased protein intake
C) Fluid restriction
D) Increased carbohydrate intake
Answer: C) Fluid restriction
Rationale: Patients with heart failure often require fluid restrictions to prevent fluid
