NSCI Exam 1 Questions with 100%
Correct Answers 2024/2025
Nissil Stain - ANSWERSstains the nucleus and rough er
Camillo Golgi - ANSWERSReticulum, reticular theory (neurons are all connected)
Cajal - ANSWERSNeuron doctrine- NS is made up of discrete cells
Neuron doctrine - ANSWERSneuron is the structural functional unit of the nervous system
- NS is made up of discrete cells (connected by synapses not one long string)
Glial Cells - ANSWERScells in the nervous system that support function of neurons
Ependymal Cells - ANSWERSline the ventricles and produced CSF
Astrocytes - ANSWERSregulae the levels of chemicals and ions surrounding neuron
- form BBB
reactive astrocytes - ANSWERSdamage to the brain activates astrocytes --> response to injury
Microglia - ANSWERSresident immune cells CNS
- phagocytosis: remove debris after injury
Oligodendrocytes - ANSWERSCNS myelin
-can synapse to multiple neurons
-if one cell dies multiple die
,Schwann Cells - ANSWERSPNS myelin
- can wrap around one neuron axon
White matter - ANSWERSmyelinated axons
grey matter - ANSWERSsomas
Function of glial cells - ANSWERS- synapse formation
- directing neurite outgrowth
- neuronal survival and repair
- synaptic activity
Central Nervous System - ANSWERSbrain and spinal cord
Cerebrum - ANSWERSlargest/most rostral part of brain
- split into two hemispheres by sagittal fissure
- left controls right body, right controls left body
Brain stem - ANSWERSrelays info from the cerebrum to the spinal cord and cerebellum
Spinal cord - ANSWERSinfo from skin, joints and muscles to the brain
Dorsal Root of spinal cord - ANSWERSSensory afferents bringing info to the brain
Ventral root of spinal cord - ANSWERSmotor efferents bringing info away from brain
Peripheral nervous system - ANSWERSthe sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous
system to the rest of the body
, Somatic PNS - ANSWERSspinal nerves that innervate skin, joints, and muslces under voluntary control
Somatic motor axons - ANSWERSmuscle contractions
- motor neurons
Somatic sensory axons - ANSWERScollect info
-sensory neurons
Dorsal root ganglia - ANSWERScell bodies of the sensory afferents that are outside of spinal cord
Autonomic nervous system - ANSWERSneurons that innervate internal organs, blood vessels and glands
- involuntary
visceral sensory axons - ANSWERSinfo about pressure/oxygen content of the blood --> CNS
Visceral motor fibers - ANSWERSsignal contraction and relaxation of muscles that form walls of intestines
Sensory afferents - ANSWERScarry info to brain
Motor efferents - ANSWERScarry info away from brain
Meninges - ANSWERSsurround and protect CNS
Dura Mater - ANSWERSoutermost, tough layer
Arachnoid membrane - ANSWERSmiddle layer of the three membranes (meninges) that surround the
brain and spinal cord
- weblike
Correct Answers 2024/2025
Nissil Stain - ANSWERSstains the nucleus and rough er
Camillo Golgi - ANSWERSReticulum, reticular theory (neurons are all connected)
Cajal - ANSWERSNeuron doctrine- NS is made up of discrete cells
Neuron doctrine - ANSWERSneuron is the structural functional unit of the nervous system
- NS is made up of discrete cells (connected by synapses not one long string)
Glial Cells - ANSWERScells in the nervous system that support function of neurons
Ependymal Cells - ANSWERSline the ventricles and produced CSF
Astrocytes - ANSWERSregulae the levels of chemicals and ions surrounding neuron
- form BBB
reactive astrocytes - ANSWERSdamage to the brain activates astrocytes --> response to injury
Microglia - ANSWERSresident immune cells CNS
- phagocytosis: remove debris after injury
Oligodendrocytes - ANSWERSCNS myelin
-can synapse to multiple neurons
-if one cell dies multiple die
,Schwann Cells - ANSWERSPNS myelin
- can wrap around one neuron axon
White matter - ANSWERSmyelinated axons
grey matter - ANSWERSsomas
Function of glial cells - ANSWERS- synapse formation
- directing neurite outgrowth
- neuronal survival and repair
- synaptic activity
Central Nervous System - ANSWERSbrain and spinal cord
Cerebrum - ANSWERSlargest/most rostral part of brain
- split into two hemispheres by sagittal fissure
- left controls right body, right controls left body
Brain stem - ANSWERSrelays info from the cerebrum to the spinal cord and cerebellum
Spinal cord - ANSWERSinfo from skin, joints and muscles to the brain
Dorsal Root of spinal cord - ANSWERSSensory afferents bringing info to the brain
Ventral root of spinal cord - ANSWERSmotor efferents bringing info away from brain
Peripheral nervous system - ANSWERSthe sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous
system to the rest of the body
, Somatic PNS - ANSWERSspinal nerves that innervate skin, joints, and muslces under voluntary control
Somatic motor axons - ANSWERSmuscle contractions
- motor neurons
Somatic sensory axons - ANSWERScollect info
-sensory neurons
Dorsal root ganglia - ANSWERScell bodies of the sensory afferents that are outside of spinal cord
Autonomic nervous system - ANSWERSneurons that innervate internal organs, blood vessels and glands
- involuntary
visceral sensory axons - ANSWERSinfo about pressure/oxygen content of the blood --> CNS
Visceral motor fibers - ANSWERSsignal contraction and relaxation of muscles that form walls of intestines
Sensory afferents - ANSWERScarry info to brain
Motor efferents - ANSWERScarry info away from brain
Meninges - ANSWERSsurround and protect CNS
Dura Mater - ANSWERSoutermost, tough layer
Arachnoid membrane - ANSWERSmiddle layer of the three membranes (meninges) that surround the
brain and spinal cord
- weblike
