NSCI 225 Exam 1 Questions & Answers
2024/2025
2 categories of cells in the nervous system: - ANSWERS- neurons
- glia
_________ are the main cell type responsible for integration and relay of messages. - ANSWERSNeurons
_________ are cells that support the neurons - ANSWERSGlia
What are the two main types of neurons? - ANSWERS- projection neurons
- interneurons
Characteristics of Projection Neurons - ANSWERS- sensory, motor, tract
- only 10% of neuron population
- takes information from one place to another (inches up to feet away)
- largest and best studied
Characteristics of Interneurons - ANSWERS- 90% of neuron population
- modifies information within the local area (mm)
- small, difficult to study
CNS glial cell types (4) - ANSWERS- ependymal cells
- microglia
- astrocytes
- oligodendrocytes
, PNS glial cell types (2) - ANSWERS- schwann cells
- satellite cells
Characteristics of Astrocytes - ANSWERS- support cells, surround somas and contribute to blood brain
barrier (end feet on capillaries)
- most numerous
- controls extracellular environment (K+)
- Takes up neurotransmitters
Characteristics of Oligodendrocytes - ANSWERS- myelinates in CNS only
- myelinates more than one axon
- each axon requires more than one oligodendrocyte
Characteristics of Microglia - ANSWERS- clean up cells . . . phagocytosis
- not from same embryological source
- found in resting state
- respond to injury
Characteristics of Satellite cells - ANSWERS- supports cells around neurons in ganglia
Characteristics of Schwann cells - ANSWERS- myelinates all axons in the PNS
- can only myelinate 1 block for 1 axon
What is spina bifida? - ANSWERS- failure of fusion of vertebral arches at caudal end of neural tube
What is a meningocele? - ANSWERSwhen the meninges are exposed to outside of body
What is a meningomyelocele? - ANSWERSMeninges and neural components exposed to outside of body
2024/2025
2 categories of cells in the nervous system: - ANSWERS- neurons
- glia
_________ are the main cell type responsible for integration and relay of messages. - ANSWERSNeurons
_________ are cells that support the neurons - ANSWERSGlia
What are the two main types of neurons? - ANSWERS- projection neurons
- interneurons
Characteristics of Projection Neurons - ANSWERS- sensory, motor, tract
- only 10% of neuron population
- takes information from one place to another (inches up to feet away)
- largest and best studied
Characteristics of Interneurons - ANSWERS- 90% of neuron population
- modifies information within the local area (mm)
- small, difficult to study
CNS glial cell types (4) - ANSWERS- ependymal cells
- microglia
- astrocytes
- oligodendrocytes
, PNS glial cell types (2) - ANSWERS- schwann cells
- satellite cells
Characteristics of Astrocytes - ANSWERS- support cells, surround somas and contribute to blood brain
barrier (end feet on capillaries)
- most numerous
- controls extracellular environment (K+)
- Takes up neurotransmitters
Characteristics of Oligodendrocytes - ANSWERS- myelinates in CNS only
- myelinates more than one axon
- each axon requires more than one oligodendrocyte
Characteristics of Microglia - ANSWERS- clean up cells . . . phagocytosis
- not from same embryological source
- found in resting state
- respond to injury
Characteristics of Satellite cells - ANSWERS- supports cells around neurons in ganglia
Characteristics of Schwann cells - ANSWERS- myelinates all axons in the PNS
- can only myelinate 1 block for 1 axon
What is spina bifida? - ANSWERS- failure of fusion of vertebral arches at caudal end of neural tube
What is a meningocele? - ANSWERSwhen the meninges are exposed to outside of body
What is a meningomyelocele? - ANSWERSMeninges and neural components exposed to outside of body
