RACHEL PRESSER ANATOMY SUMMARY FOR THE EXAM
- TOPOGRAPHIC ANATOMY
248. Deltoid region.
Main muscle: deltoid muscle.
Superior boundaries:
• Acromion scapulae
• Clavicula
• Spina scapulae
Inferior Boundaries
• Deltoid muscle insertion on proximo-lateral
aspect of humerus
Skin
• Relatively smooth and mobile
• Innervated by:
• N.cutaneous brachii lateralis superior
• Nn. Supraclaviculares laterales (branches off
n.axillaris as it enters the spatium the short head of m.biceps brachii and m.pectoralis
subdeltoideum it then wraps around the minor.
posterior margin of M.deltoideus and distributes
branches on the muscles external surface.) it is Articulatio Humeri
from the cervical region and supply upper part • Situated deep in deltoid region
of deltoid region. • Tendons of the rotator cuff muscles adhere to
Other the joint capsule – m. supraspinatus,
• Deltoid muscle covered by fascia deltoidea, m.infraspinatus and m.teres major pass on its
sends fibrous septa inwards between muscle posterosuperior side.
fibres • Tendon of m.subscapularis lies on its anterior
• Space underneath m.deltoidea = spatium surface
subdeltoideum Joint capsule has 3 expansions – recesses: recessus
• Spatium subdeltoideum – filled with loose axillaris (adjacent to n.axillaris), recessus subscapularis
connective tissue that gradually becomes more (transitions into bursa subtendinea m.subscapularis)
dense and forms a fibrous layer in the deepest recessus intertubercularis (forms synovial sheath of
part of the space. tendon of caput longum m.bicepitis brachii. Distally, it
• Superiorly the deltoid fascia attaches to the ends at the level of the column chirurgicum.
proccessus coracoideus and acromion scapulae
and posteriorly to fascia infraspinata Glenohumeral joint is supplied by aa. Circumflexa
humeri posterior and anterior.
Subdeltoid space contains neurovascular bundle of the The anterior region of the joint capsule receives arterial
region made of n.axillaris and arteria et vena supply via branches of the anastomosis between
circumflexa humeri posterior. These enter the space via a.subscapularis and a.circumflexa scapulae.
foramen axillare laterale. Subdeltoid space also
contains two synovial bursae – bursa subdeltoidea and
bursa subacromialis, these lie on the Tuberculum majus
humeri and the tendon of m.supraspinatus respectively.
Deeper, lateral portions of m.supraspiantus,
m.infraspinatus and m.teres major beginning from
Tuberculum majus humeriand lie beneath the posterior
portion of m.deltoideus. anterior to them is the tendon
of the long head of biceps brachii which runs in the
sulcus intertubercularis. Also located here is the
Tuberculum minus humeri and the tendon of
m.subscapularis which inserts on to it. Anterior portion
of m.deltoideus overlies the porcessus coracoideus and
the muscles which insert on it: m.coracobrachialis and
, 249. Anterior
brachial region.
Components:
• Soft
tissues
anterio
r to the
humeru
s and
the two
fascial
septa
• Surface
charact
erized
by
longitu
dinal
fusifor
m
elevatio
n
caused
by humeral surface distal to the
m.biceps brachii, on the sides of this elevation – m.coracobrachialis)
sulcus bicipitalis lateralis and sulcus bicipitalis • Between m.biceps brachii and m.brachialis –
medialis. loose connective tissue layer.
Skin:
• Smooth and tender, gradually becomes thicker In the proximal end of the arm there is a single NVB:
laterally arteria et vena brachialis and all the nerves for the free
• Superficial fascia contains superficial veins and upper limb.
cutaneous nerves
• Vena basilica ascends in sulcus bicipitalis Nerves:
medialis and passes through the brachial fascia • N. medianus (anterolateral to a. brachialis)
at hiatus basilicus and drains into v.brachialis. • N. ulnaris (anteromedial to a. brachialis) –
• At this level, there is also n.cutaneous moves towards the middle of the arm, pierces
antibrachii medialis – branches emerge from septum intermusculare brachii mediale before
hiatus basilicus continuing in posterior fascial compartment
• The vein and the nerve are medial to the major • Nn. Cutanei brachii et antibrachii mediales
neurovascular bundle of the brachium which (anteromedial to a.brachialis)
consists of a.brachialis, venae brachiles and • N. radialis (posteriorly)
nervus medianus. They are only separated from • N. musculocutenaous (laterally) – pierces
it by the brachial fascia m.coracobrachialis and descends between
• Vena cephalica ascends superfascically in the m.biceps brachii and m.brachialis. it gives off
sulcus bicipitis lateralis, also here are the branches for these muscles and continues as
branches of n.radialis – n.cutaneous brachii N.cutaenous anterbrachii lateralis.
lateralis inferior.
Brachial NVB is enveloped in a thin CT sheath along its
Muscle Layer: entire course. Its major defining component is
• Deep to the fascia, contains all the anterior a.brachialis which projects on a line connecting fossa
group muscles, the main neurovascular bundle axillaris and cubital fold.
(NVB) of the region and the n.musculocutaneos
• Muscles are arranged in two layers –
superficially – m.biceps brachii
• Deep muscles: m. coracobrachialis
(anteromedial surface of upper third of
humerus) and m.brachialis (covers rest of
- TOPOGRAPHIC ANATOMY
248. Deltoid region.
Main muscle: deltoid muscle.
Superior boundaries:
• Acromion scapulae
• Clavicula
• Spina scapulae
Inferior Boundaries
• Deltoid muscle insertion on proximo-lateral
aspect of humerus
Skin
• Relatively smooth and mobile
• Innervated by:
• N.cutaneous brachii lateralis superior
• Nn. Supraclaviculares laterales (branches off
n.axillaris as it enters the spatium the short head of m.biceps brachii and m.pectoralis
subdeltoideum it then wraps around the minor.
posterior margin of M.deltoideus and distributes
branches on the muscles external surface.) it is Articulatio Humeri
from the cervical region and supply upper part • Situated deep in deltoid region
of deltoid region. • Tendons of the rotator cuff muscles adhere to
Other the joint capsule – m. supraspinatus,
• Deltoid muscle covered by fascia deltoidea, m.infraspinatus and m.teres major pass on its
sends fibrous septa inwards between muscle posterosuperior side.
fibres • Tendon of m.subscapularis lies on its anterior
• Space underneath m.deltoidea = spatium surface
subdeltoideum Joint capsule has 3 expansions – recesses: recessus
• Spatium subdeltoideum – filled with loose axillaris (adjacent to n.axillaris), recessus subscapularis
connective tissue that gradually becomes more (transitions into bursa subtendinea m.subscapularis)
dense and forms a fibrous layer in the deepest recessus intertubercularis (forms synovial sheath of
part of the space. tendon of caput longum m.bicepitis brachii. Distally, it
• Superiorly the deltoid fascia attaches to the ends at the level of the column chirurgicum.
proccessus coracoideus and acromion scapulae
and posteriorly to fascia infraspinata Glenohumeral joint is supplied by aa. Circumflexa
humeri posterior and anterior.
Subdeltoid space contains neurovascular bundle of the The anterior region of the joint capsule receives arterial
region made of n.axillaris and arteria et vena supply via branches of the anastomosis between
circumflexa humeri posterior. These enter the space via a.subscapularis and a.circumflexa scapulae.
foramen axillare laterale. Subdeltoid space also
contains two synovial bursae – bursa subdeltoidea and
bursa subacromialis, these lie on the Tuberculum majus
humeri and the tendon of m.supraspinatus respectively.
Deeper, lateral portions of m.supraspiantus,
m.infraspinatus and m.teres major beginning from
Tuberculum majus humeriand lie beneath the posterior
portion of m.deltoideus. anterior to them is the tendon
of the long head of biceps brachii which runs in the
sulcus intertubercularis. Also located here is the
Tuberculum minus humeri and the tendon of
m.subscapularis which inserts on to it. Anterior portion
of m.deltoideus overlies the porcessus coracoideus and
the muscles which insert on it: m.coracobrachialis and
, 249. Anterior
brachial region.
Components:
• Soft
tissues
anterio
r to the
humeru
s and
the two
fascial
septa
• Surface
charact
erized
by
longitu
dinal
fusifor
m
elevatio
n
caused
by humeral surface distal to the
m.biceps brachii, on the sides of this elevation – m.coracobrachialis)
sulcus bicipitalis lateralis and sulcus bicipitalis • Between m.biceps brachii and m.brachialis –
medialis. loose connective tissue layer.
Skin:
• Smooth and tender, gradually becomes thicker In the proximal end of the arm there is a single NVB:
laterally arteria et vena brachialis and all the nerves for the free
• Superficial fascia contains superficial veins and upper limb.
cutaneous nerves
• Vena basilica ascends in sulcus bicipitalis Nerves:
medialis and passes through the brachial fascia • N. medianus (anterolateral to a. brachialis)
at hiatus basilicus and drains into v.brachialis. • N. ulnaris (anteromedial to a. brachialis) –
• At this level, there is also n.cutaneous moves towards the middle of the arm, pierces
antibrachii medialis – branches emerge from septum intermusculare brachii mediale before
hiatus basilicus continuing in posterior fascial compartment
• The vein and the nerve are medial to the major • Nn. Cutanei brachii et antibrachii mediales
neurovascular bundle of the brachium which (anteromedial to a.brachialis)
consists of a.brachialis, venae brachiles and • N. radialis (posteriorly)
nervus medianus. They are only separated from • N. musculocutenaous (laterally) – pierces
it by the brachial fascia m.coracobrachialis and descends between
• Vena cephalica ascends superfascically in the m.biceps brachii and m.brachialis. it gives off
sulcus bicipitis lateralis, also here are the branches for these muscles and continues as
branches of n.radialis – n.cutaneous brachii N.cutaenous anterbrachii lateralis.
lateralis inferior.
Brachial NVB is enveloped in a thin CT sheath along its
Muscle Layer: entire course. Its major defining component is
• Deep to the fascia, contains all the anterior a.brachialis which projects on a line connecting fossa
group muscles, the main neurovascular bundle axillaris and cubital fold.
(NVB) of the region and the n.musculocutaneos
• Muscles are arranged in two layers –
superficially – m.biceps brachii
• Deep muscles: m. coracobrachialis
(anteromedial surface of upper third of
humerus) and m.brachialis (covers rest of
