THE HUMAN BODY
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OVERVIEW
LEVES OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION
ANATOMY
1. Atoms - tiny building blocks of matter;
Anatomy - Study of the structure and shape
forms molecules (water, sugar)
of the body and its parts
2. Cells - smallest unit of all living things;
● From greek words
- Ana = apart vary in size, shape, roles
- Tomy = cut 3. Tissues - groups of similar cells that have
● Gross anatomy = visible to the naked a common function
eye; large, observable Four basic tissue types:
● Microscopic anatomy = can only be seen ● Epithelial
through microscope, too small; cells, ● Connective
● Muscle
tissues
● Nervous
4. Organs - composed of two or more tissue
PHYSIOLOGY types that performs a specific function
5. Organ systems - group of organs that
Physiology - Study of how the body and its work together to accomplish a common
parts work or function purpose
- physio = nature 6. Organisms - sum total of all structural
- ology = the study of levels working together to keep us alive
● Structure determines what functions can
occur
THE DIFFERENT BODY SYSTEMS
- Example: the air sacs of the lungs
have very thin walls, enabling them INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
to exchange gasses
● External covering of the body; skin,
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY fingernails, hair
● Waterproofs the body
Anatomy and physiology are always ● Cushions and protects deeper tissue
inseparable. The parts of your body form a from injury
well-organized unit, and each of those parts ● Produces vitamin D with the help of
has a job to do to make the body operate as a sunlight
whole. ● Excretes salts in perspiration
● Helps regulate body temperature
Anatomy provides the "what" (the parts), ● Location of cutaneous nerve receptors
and physiology explains the "how" (how
those parts work).
SKELETAL SYSTEM
● Consists of bones, cartilages,
ligaments, and joints
● Provides muscle attachment for
movement
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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OVERVIEW
LEVES OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION
ANATOMY
1. Atoms - tiny building blocks of matter;
Anatomy - Study of the structure and shape
forms molecules (water, sugar)
of the body and its parts
2. Cells - smallest unit of all living things;
● From greek words
- Ana = apart vary in size, shape, roles
- Tomy = cut 3. Tissues - groups of similar cells that have
● Gross anatomy = visible to the naked a common function
eye; large, observable Four basic tissue types:
● Microscopic anatomy = can only be seen ● Epithelial
through microscope, too small; cells, ● Connective
● Muscle
tissues
● Nervous
4. Organs - composed of two or more tissue
PHYSIOLOGY types that performs a specific function
5. Organ systems - group of organs that
Physiology - Study of how the body and its work together to accomplish a common
parts work or function purpose
- physio = nature 6. Organisms - sum total of all structural
- ology = the study of levels working together to keep us alive
● Structure determines what functions can
occur
THE DIFFERENT BODY SYSTEMS
- Example: the air sacs of the lungs
have very thin walls, enabling them INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
to exchange gasses
● External covering of the body; skin,
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY fingernails, hair
● Waterproofs the body
Anatomy and physiology are always ● Cushions and protects deeper tissue
inseparable. The parts of your body form a from injury
well-organized unit, and each of those parts ● Produces vitamin D with the help of
has a job to do to make the body operate as a sunlight
whole. ● Excretes salts in perspiration
● Helps regulate body temperature
Anatomy provides the "what" (the parts), ● Location of cutaneous nerve receptors
and physiology explains the "how" (how
those parts work).
SKELETAL SYSTEM
● Consists of bones, cartilages,
ligaments, and joints
● Provides muscle attachment for
movement
1
