HCM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS!!
health vvcare vv- vvAnswer vva vvcountry's vvhealth vvcare vvsystem vvis vvorganized vvto
vvprovide vvthe vvdiagnosis vvand vvtreatment vvof vvindividuals vvhealth vvproblems
-central vvfocus vvof vvhealth vvcare vvis vvto vvrestore vvhealth vvor vvprevent vvexacerbation
vvof vvhealth vvproblems
-health vvcare vvcan vvbe vvcategorized vvas vvprimary, vvsecondary vvand vvtertiary
-focus vvof vvhealth vvcare vvis vvusually vvon vvsecondary vvand vvtertiary vvprevention vvnot
vvusually vvon vvprimary vvprevention vv(other vvthan vvimmunization) vvwhich vvshould
vvchange vvwith vvaffordable vvcare vvact
health vv- vvAnswer vvstate vvof vvcomplete vvphysical, vvmental, vvand vvsocial vvwell vvbeing
vvand vvnot vvmerely vvthe vvabsence vvof vvdisease vvor vvinfirmity
-health vvcare vvis vvjust vvone vvdeterminant vvof vvhealth; vvothers vvare vvgenetic
vvinheritance, vvphysical vvenvironment vvand vvsocial vvenvironment
physical vvenvironment vv- vvAnswer vvcan vvprovide vvexposure vvto vvtoxins vvand vvunsafe
vvconditions, vvincluding vvdue vvto vvemployment
-farm vvworkers: vvinjuries
-office vvworkers: vvindoor vvair vvpollution, vvprevious vvasbestos, vvformaldehyde
vvexposure, vvradon vvexposure
social vvenvironment vv- vvAnswer vvcan vvcause vvhealth vvrisks; vvthose vvwith vvlower
vvsocioeconomic vvstatus vvhave vvmore vvhealth vvrisks; vvparticularly vvfor-->
vvcardiovascular vvdisease, vvdiabetes, vvasthma, vvcancer, vvHIV/AIDS
10 vvleading vvcauses vvof vvdeath vvin vv2007 vvin vvUS vv- vvAnswer vvdiseases vvof vvthe
vvheart, vvmalignant vvneoplasms, vvcerebrovascular vvdiseases, vvchronic vvlower
vvrespiratory vvdiseases, vvunintentional vvinjuries vv(accidents), vvalzheimer's vvdisease,
vvdiabetes vvmellitus, vvinfluenza vvand vvpneumonia, vvnephritis, vvnephrotic vvsyndrome,
vvand vvnephrosis, vvsepticemia
primary vvprevention vv- vvAnswer vveliminate vvrisk vvfactors vvfor vva vvdisease
for vvexample: vvuse vvautomobile vvseat vvbelts, vvuse vvcondoms, vvprotect vvfrom vvUV
vvlight, vvtobacco vvcessation vvprograms, vvdietary vvmodifications
secondary vvprevention vv- vvAnswer vvearly vvdetection vvof vvdisease vvso vvtreatment vvis
vvmore vveffective
,tertiary vvprevention vv- vvAnswer vvfocuses vvon vvtreatment vvof vvidentified vvdisease vvto
vvreduce vvthe vvincidence vvof vvlater vvcomplications
-may vvinclude vvrehabilitation vvand vvlimitation vvof vvdisability
components vvof vvhealth vvcare vvsystem vv- vvAnswer vv-the vvfacilities vvwhere vvhealth
vvcare vvis vvprovided vv(hospitals, vvphysician vvoffices vvand vvclinics)
- vvthe vvworkforce vvthat vvprovides vvthe vvhealth vvcare vvservices vv
(PAs, vvphysicians, vvnurses, vvx vvray vvtechs)
- vvthe vvproviders vvof vvhealth vvcare vvtherapeutics vv(pharmaceuticals, vvmed
vvequipment)
- vveducational vvand vvresearch vvinstitutions vvthat vvtrain vvthe vvhealth vvcare vvworkforce
vvand vvproduce vvknowledge vvto vvimprove vvhealth vvcare vvservices vv(LECOM vvis
vvexample)
-financing vvmechanisms vv(blue vvcross vvblue vvshield, vvmedicare)
principal vvplayers vvin vvUS vvhealth vvcare vvsystem vv- vvAnswer vv-governmental vvhealth
vvagencies--> vvCDC, vvUS vvdepartment vvof vvhealth vvand vvhuman vvservices vv
-private, vvnon vvprofit vvhealth vvcare vvsector-->most vvhospitals, vvUPMC, vvMillcreek
-private, vvfor vvprofit vvhealth vvcare vvsector--> vvmost vvpharmaceutical vvand vvmedical
vvdevice vvcompanies, vvsome vvhospitals
management vvelements vvof vvhealth vvcare vvsystem vv- vvAnswer vvadministration,
vvplanning, vvregulation, vvevaluation
health vvcare vvsuccess vv- vvAnswer vvhealth vvcare vvsystems vvcan vvbe vvjudged vvon vvthe
vvfollowing vvcriteria: vv-the vvquality vvof vvthe vvhealth vvcare vvprovided
-the vvequality vvachieved vvin vvthe vvprovision vvof vvhealth vvcare
-the vvefficiency vvwith vvwhich vvhealth vvcare vvis vvprovided
size vvof vvUS vvhealth vvsystem vv- vvAnswer vv2009--> vv15.5 vvmillion vvpeople vvworked
vvin vvthe vvhealth vvcare vvsystem vv
-this vvwas vvup vvfrom vv12.2 vvmillion vvin vv2000
types vvof vvcare vvprovided vv- vvAnswer vvprimary vvcare, vvsecondary vvcare, vvand
vvtertiary vvcare
primary vvcare vv- vvAnswer vvwhat vvmost vvpeople vvneed vvmost vvof vvthe vvtime vvfor
vvhealth vvand vvillness
-includes vvpersonal vvtreatment vvand vvpreventative vvmeasures--> vvimmunizations,
vvprenatal vvcare, vvperiodic vvhealth vvexamination vvfor vvearly vvdisease vvprevention,
vvtreatment vvfor vvillness
secondary vvcare vv- vvAnswer vvservices vvare vvavailable vvin vvphysicians' vvoffices vvand
vvhospitals
, -includes vvmost vvsurgical vvprocedures, vvdiagnostic vvand vvtreatment vvinterventions vvof
vvspecialists vv(radiologists, vvcardiologists, vvophthalmologists)
tertiary vvcare vv- vvAnswer vvhighly vvspecialized vvdiagnostic, vvtherapeutic vvand
vvrehabilitative vvservices vvthat vvrequire vvstaff vvand vvequipment vvbeyond vvwhat vvan
vvaverage vvcommunity vvhospital vvhas vvavailable
-care vvis vvgenerally vvavailable vvin vvmajor vvmedical vvcenters; vvfor vvexample: vvopen
vvheart vvsurgery,organ vvtransplantation, vvcomplex vvchemo-therapy vvand vvradiotherapy
vvfor vvcancer, vvpreservation vvof vvvery vvlow vvbirth vvweight vvpremature vvinfants
two vvtypes vvof vvhealth vvcare vvfacilities vv- vvAnswer vvin vvpatient vvand vvout vvpatient;
vvmost vvnumerous vvinpatient vvare vvacute vvcare vvcommunity vvhospitals vv(a vvnon
vvfederal, vvshort vvterm vvgeneral vvor vvother vvspecial vvhospital)
-in vv2008 vvthere vvwere vvabout vv5,010 vvacute vvcare vvcommunity vvhospitals vvwith
vv808,069 vvbeds
four vvways vvto vvcategorize vvhospitals vv- vvAnswer vvby vvcontrol, vvsize, vvfunction,
vvaverage vvlength vvof vvpatient vvstay
four vvfunctional vvcategories vvof vvhospitals vv- vvAnswer vvgeneral, vvspecial,
vvrehabilitation vvand vvchronic vvdisease, vvpsychiatric
four vvprincipal vvtypes vvof vvcontrol vvof vvownership vvof vvUS vvhospitals vv- vvAnswer vv-
government vvnon vvfederal vv(state, vvlocal, vvcounty, vvcity-county, vvhospital vvdistricts)
-government vvfederal
-private, vvnot vvfor vvprofit
-private, vvfor vvprofit
hospitals vvcan vvbe vvclassified vvby vv- vvAnswer vv-type vvof vvmedical vvcondition vvtreated
-number vvof vvbeds
-control vvof vvownership
-short vvterm vvor vvlong vvterm vv(length vvof vvstay)
-average vvdaily vvcensus vv(average vvnumber vvof vvbeds vvoccupied vvon vvgiven vvday)
community vvhospital vv- vvAnswer vvnon vvfederal, vvshort vvterm vvgeneral, vvspecial
vvhospitals vvwhose vvfacilities vvand vvservices vvare vvavailable vvto vvthe vvpublic
-special vvhospitals vvinclude vvobstetrics vvand vvgynecology, vvEENT, vvrehabilitation,
vvorthopedic
-short vvterm vvgeneral vvand vvspecial vvchildren's vvhospitals vvare vvalso vvconsidered vvto
vvbe vvcommunity vvhospitals
there vvare vvtwo vvtypes vvof vvcategories vvof vvlength vvof vvpatient vvstay vv- vvAnswer vv-
long vvterm vv(3o vvdays vvor vvmore)
-short vvterm vv(less vvthan vv30 vvdays)
--average vvlength vvis vvcalculated vvby vvdividing vvthe vvnumber vvof vvinpatient vvdays vvby
vvthe vvnumber vvof vvadmissions
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS!!
health vvcare vv- vvAnswer vva vvcountry's vvhealth vvcare vvsystem vvis vvorganized vvto
vvprovide vvthe vvdiagnosis vvand vvtreatment vvof vvindividuals vvhealth vvproblems
-central vvfocus vvof vvhealth vvcare vvis vvto vvrestore vvhealth vvor vvprevent vvexacerbation
vvof vvhealth vvproblems
-health vvcare vvcan vvbe vvcategorized vvas vvprimary, vvsecondary vvand vvtertiary
-focus vvof vvhealth vvcare vvis vvusually vvon vvsecondary vvand vvtertiary vvprevention vvnot
vvusually vvon vvprimary vvprevention vv(other vvthan vvimmunization) vvwhich vvshould
vvchange vvwith vvaffordable vvcare vvact
health vv- vvAnswer vvstate vvof vvcomplete vvphysical, vvmental, vvand vvsocial vvwell vvbeing
vvand vvnot vvmerely vvthe vvabsence vvof vvdisease vvor vvinfirmity
-health vvcare vvis vvjust vvone vvdeterminant vvof vvhealth; vvothers vvare vvgenetic
vvinheritance, vvphysical vvenvironment vvand vvsocial vvenvironment
physical vvenvironment vv- vvAnswer vvcan vvprovide vvexposure vvto vvtoxins vvand vvunsafe
vvconditions, vvincluding vvdue vvto vvemployment
-farm vvworkers: vvinjuries
-office vvworkers: vvindoor vvair vvpollution, vvprevious vvasbestos, vvformaldehyde
vvexposure, vvradon vvexposure
social vvenvironment vv- vvAnswer vvcan vvcause vvhealth vvrisks; vvthose vvwith vvlower
vvsocioeconomic vvstatus vvhave vvmore vvhealth vvrisks; vvparticularly vvfor-->
vvcardiovascular vvdisease, vvdiabetes, vvasthma, vvcancer, vvHIV/AIDS
10 vvleading vvcauses vvof vvdeath vvin vv2007 vvin vvUS vv- vvAnswer vvdiseases vvof vvthe
vvheart, vvmalignant vvneoplasms, vvcerebrovascular vvdiseases, vvchronic vvlower
vvrespiratory vvdiseases, vvunintentional vvinjuries vv(accidents), vvalzheimer's vvdisease,
vvdiabetes vvmellitus, vvinfluenza vvand vvpneumonia, vvnephritis, vvnephrotic vvsyndrome,
vvand vvnephrosis, vvsepticemia
primary vvprevention vv- vvAnswer vveliminate vvrisk vvfactors vvfor vva vvdisease
for vvexample: vvuse vvautomobile vvseat vvbelts, vvuse vvcondoms, vvprotect vvfrom vvUV
vvlight, vvtobacco vvcessation vvprograms, vvdietary vvmodifications
secondary vvprevention vv- vvAnswer vvearly vvdetection vvof vvdisease vvso vvtreatment vvis
vvmore vveffective
,tertiary vvprevention vv- vvAnswer vvfocuses vvon vvtreatment vvof vvidentified vvdisease vvto
vvreduce vvthe vvincidence vvof vvlater vvcomplications
-may vvinclude vvrehabilitation vvand vvlimitation vvof vvdisability
components vvof vvhealth vvcare vvsystem vv- vvAnswer vv-the vvfacilities vvwhere vvhealth
vvcare vvis vvprovided vv(hospitals, vvphysician vvoffices vvand vvclinics)
- vvthe vvworkforce vvthat vvprovides vvthe vvhealth vvcare vvservices vv
(PAs, vvphysicians, vvnurses, vvx vvray vvtechs)
- vvthe vvproviders vvof vvhealth vvcare vvtherapeutics vv(pharmaceuticals, vvmed
vvequipment)
- vveducational vvand vvresearch vvinstitutions vvthat vvtrain vvthe vvhealth vvcare vvworkforce
vvand vvproduce vvknowledge vvto vvimprove vvhealth vvcare vvservices vv(LECOM vvis
vvexample)
-financing vvmechanisms vv(blue vvcross vvblue vvshield, vvmedicare)
principal vvplayers vvin vvUS vvhealth vvcare vvsystem vv- vvAnswer vv-governmental vvhealth
vvagencies--> vvCDC, vvUS vvdepartment vvof vvhealth vvand vvhuman vvservices vv
-private, vvnon vvprofit vvhealth vvcare vvsector-->most vvhospitals, vvUPMC, vvMillcreek
-private, vvfor vvprofit vvhealth vvcare vvsector--> vvmost vvpharmaceutical vvand vvmedical
vvdevice vvcompanies, vvsome vvhospitals
management vvelements vvof vvhealth vvcare vvsystem vv- vvAnswer vvadministration,
vvplanning, vvregulation, vvevaluation
health vvcare vvsuccess vv- vvAnswer vvhealth vvcare vvsystems vvcan vvbe vvjudged vvon vvthe
vvfollowing vvcriteria: vv-the vvquality vvof vvthe vvhealth vvcare vvprovided
-the vvequality vvachieved vvin vvthe vvprovision vvof vvhealth vvcare
-the vvefficiency vvwith vvwhich vvhealth vvcare vvis vvprovided
size vvof vvUS vvhealth vvsystem vv- vvAnswer vv2009--> vv15.5 vvmillion vvpeople vvworked
vvin vvthe vvhealth vvcare vvsystem vv
-this vvwas vvup vvfrom vv12.2 vvmillion vvin vv2000
types vvof vvcare vvprovided vv- vvAnswer vvprimary vvcare, vvsecondary vvcare, vvand
vvtertiary vvcare
primary vvcare vv- vvAnswer vvwhat vvmost vvpeople vvneed vvmost vvof vvthe vvtime vvfor
vvhealth vvand vvillness
-includes vvpersonal vvtreatment vvand vvpreventative vvmeasures--> vvimmunizations,
vvprenatal vvcare, vvperiodic vvhealth vvexamination vvfor vvearly vvdisease vvprevention,
vvtreatment vvfor vvillness
secondary vvcare vv- vvAnswer vvservices vvare vvavailable vvin vvphysicians' vvoffices vvand
vvhospitals
, -includes vvmost vvsurgical vvprocedures, vvdiagnostic vvand vvtreatment vvinterventions vvof
vvspecialists vv(radiologists, vvcardiologists, vvophthalmologists)
tertiary vvcare vv- vvAnswer vvhighly vvspecialized vvdiagnostic, vvtherapeutic vvand
vvrehabilitative vvservices vvthat vvrequire vvstaff vvand vvequipment vvbeyond vvwhat vvan
vvaverage vvcommunity vvhospital vvhas vvavailable
-care vvis vvgenerally vvavailable vvin vvmajor vvmedical vvcenters; vvfor vvexample: vvopen
vvheart vvsurgery,organ vvtransplantation, vvcomplex vvchemo-therapy vvand vvradiotherapy
vvfor vvcancer, vvpreservation vvof vvvery vvlow vvbirth vvweight vvpremature vvinfants
two vvtypes vvof vvhealth vvcare vvfacilities vv- vvAnswer vvin vvpatient vvand vvout vvpatient;
vvmost vvnumerous vvinpatient vvare vvacute vvcare vvcommunity vvhospitals vv(a vvnon
vvfederal, vvshort vvterm vvgeneral vvor vvother vvspecial vvhospital)
-in vv2008 vvthere vvwere vvabout vv5,010 vvacute vvcare vvcommunity vvhospitals vvwith
vv808,069 vvbeds
four vvways vvto vvcategorize vvhospitals vv- vvAnswer vvby vvcontrol, vvsize, vvfunction,
vvaverage vvlength vvof vvpatient vvstay
four vvfunctional vvcategories vvof vvhospitals vv- vvAnswer vvgeneral, vvspecial,
vvrehabilitation vvand vvchronic vvdisease, vvpsychiatric
four vvprincipal vvtypes vvof vvcontrol vvof vvownership vvof vvUS vvhospitals vv- vvAnswer vv-
government vvnon vvfederal vv(state, vvlocal, vvcounty, vvcity-county, vvhospital vvdistricts)
-government vvfederal
-private, vvnot vvfor vvprofit
-private, vvfor vvprofit
hospitals vvcan vvbe vvclassified vvby vv- vvAnswer vv-type vvof vvmedical vvcondition vvtreated
-number vvof vvbeds
-control vvof vvownership
-short vvterm vvor vvlong vvterm vv(length vvof vvstay)
-average vvdaily vvcensus vv(average vvnumber vvof vvbeds vvoccupied vvon vvgiven vvday)
community vvhospital vv- vvAnswer vvnon vvfederal, vvshort vvterm vvgeneral, vvspecial
vvhospitals vvwhose vvfacilities vvand vvservices vvare vvavailable vvto vvthe vvpublic
-special vvhospitals vvinclude vvobstetrics vvand vvgynecology, vvEENT, vvrehabilitation,
vvorthopedic
-short vvterm vvgeneral vvand vvspecial vvchildren's vvhospitals vvare vvalso vvconsidered vvto
vvbe vvcommunity vvhospitals
there vvare vvtwo vvtypes vvof vvcategories vvof vvlength vvof vvpatient vvstay vv- vvAnswer vv-
long vvterm vv(3o vvdays vvor vvmore)
-short vvterm vv(less vvthan vv30 vvdays)
--average vvlength vvis vvcalculated vvby vvdividing vvthe vvnumber vvof vvinpatient vvdays vvby
vvthe vvnumber vvof vvadmissions
