MCPHS ANATOMY&PHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 MATERIAL
EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Anatomy
study of structure; means to dissect
Physiology
study of function
Importance of studying A&P
basis for understanding disease and for how the body works/reacts to stiumulus
systemic anatomy
study of body systems
regional anatomy
study of body regions (how med schools do it)
surface anatomy
study of external features (ex: bone projections)
anatomical imaging
,uses x-rays, ultrasounds, MRIs, CAT scans
Structural Level: chemical
smallest level
ex) atoms: smallest level that displays properties
Structural level; cell
basic unit of life
ex) organelles w/ specialized functions for the cell
Structural level: tissue
group of cells with similar structure and function plus extracellular substance
ex) epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
Structural level: organ
2 or more tissue types
ex) skin, heart, stomach, etc
Structural level: organ system
groups of organs
Structural level: organism
all structural levels working together
Structural level hierarchy
chemical > cell > tissue > organ > organ system > organism
Integumentary system
,Protection, maintain H20 content
Skeletal system
protection, support, movement
Muscular system
movement, posture, heat
> cardiac, skeletal, smooth
Lymphatic system
AKA immune system
antibodies, lymph
Respiratory system
gas exchange
ventilate: bring air in/out
respiration: feed cells O2
Digestive system
take in nutrients, metabolize food
Nervous system
chief regulator
brain, spinal cord, nerves
Control other systems
Endocrine system
, regulator of body
hormones/proteins/glands
Cardiovasular system
transport
heart, vein (to heart), artery (away from heart)
Urinary system
removes waste; kidneys
Characteristics of life
1) organization: structural levels/coordination
2) metabolism: ability to use energy (dig/resp system); all chemical rxn in body
3) responsiveness (aka irritability): ability to sense changes in environment and make adjustment (shiver
in cold weather)
4) growth: increase in size (constant rebuild/remake bones)
5) development: changes in cell structure/function from generalized to specialized
6) reproduction: formation of new cells/new organisms
Homeostasis
- maintenance of constant internal environment (ex: body temp, BP, HR, BR)
- Variables: conditions that change (ex: enviro temp)
Set point
EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Anatomy
study of structure; means to dissect
Physiology
study of function
Importance of studying A&P
basis for understanding disease and for how the body works/reacts to stiumulus
systemic anatomy
study of body systems
regional anatomy
study of body regions (how med schools do it)
surface anatomy
study of external features (ex: bone projections)
anatomical imaging
,uses x-rays, ultrasounds, MRIs, CAT scans
Structural Level: chemical
smallest level
ex) atoms: smallest level that displays properties
Structural level; cell
basic unit of life
ex) organelles w/ specialized functions for the cell
Structural level: tissue
group of cells with similar structure and function plus extracellular substance
ex) epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
Structural level: organ
2 or more tissue types
ex) skin, heart, stomach, etc
Structural level: organ system
groups of organs
Structural level: organism
all structural levels working together
Structural level hierarchy
chemical > cell > tissue > organ > organ system > organism
Integumentary system
,Protection, maintain H20 content
Skeletal system
protection, support, movement
Muscular system
movement, posture, heat
> cardiac, skeletal, smooth
Lymphatic system
AKA immune system
antibodies, lymph
Respiratory system
gas exchange
ventilate: bring air in/out
respiration: feed cells O2
Digestive system
take in nutrients, metabolize food
Nervous system
chief regulator
brain, spinal cord, nerves
Control other systems
Endocrine system
, regulator of body
hormones/proteins/glands
Cardiovasular system
transport
heart, vein (to heart), artery (away from heart)
Urinary system
removes waste; kidneys
Characteristics of life
1) organization: structural levels/coordination
2) metabolism: ability to use energy (dig/resp system); all chemical rxn in body
3) responsiveness (aka irritability): ability to sense changes in environment and make adjustment (shiver
in cold weather)
4) growth: increase in size (constant rebuild/remake bones)
5) development: changes in cell structure/function from generalized to specialized
6) reproduction: formation of new cells/new organisms
Homeostasis
- maintenance of constant internal environment (ex: body temp, BP, HR, BR)
- Variables: conditions that change (ex: enviro temp)
Set point
