MCPHS ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY EXAM 3
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
The Origin
point of attachment that does not move when the muscle contracts
The insertion
the point of attachment of a muscle to the part that it moves
Fascicle arrangement
circular, convergent, parallel, pennate, fusiform
Circular muscle
arranged in a circle around an opening and act as sphincters; ex: orbicularis oris and orbicularis oculi
convergent muscles
converge at a single tendon; ex: pectoralis major, pectoralis minor
parallel muscles
lie parallel to one another and to the long axis of the muscle; ex: trapezius
Pennate muscles
,fascicles originate from tendon that runs the length of the entire muscle; has three different patterns:
unipennate (semimembranosus), bipennate (rectus femoris), and multipennate (deltoid)
Fusiform muscles
fascicles lie parallel to the long axis of the muscle. The belly of the muscle is larger in diameter than the
ends; ex: biceps brachii (two-headed) triceps brachii (three-headed)
How muscles are named
1. location
2. Size
3. shape
4. orientation of fascicles
5. origin of insertion
6. number of heads
7. function
Do muscles work as levers, fulcrums or weight?
levers
Class I lever system
fulcrum is between pull and weight (seesaw)
Class II lever system
weight is between the fulcrum and the pull (wheelbarrow)
Class III lever system
Most common in body, pull is between fulcrum and weight (person using shovel)
, Posterior muscles of the neck
longissimus capitis, oblique capitis superior, rectus capitis posterior, semispinalis capitis, splenius capitis,
trapezius
longissimus capitis
insertion: mastoid process
function: extends, rotates, and laterally flexes neck
oblique capitis superior
insertion: occipital bone
function: extends and laterally flexes neck; turns head
rectus capitis posterior
insertion: occipital bone
function: extends and rotates neck; turns head
semispinalis capitis
insertion: occipital bone
function: extends, rotates, and laterally flexes neck
trapezius
insertion: clavicle, acromion process and scapular spine
function: extends and laterally flexes neck
splenius capitis
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
The Origin
point of attachment that does not move when the muscle contracts
The insertion
the point of attachment of a muscle to the part that it moves
Fascicle arrangement
circular, convergent, parallel, pennate, fusiform
Circular muscle
arranged in a circle around an opening and act as sphincters; ex: orbicularis oris and orbicularis oculi
convergent muscles
converge at a single tendon; ex: pectoralis major, pectoralis minor
parallel muscles
lie parallel to one another and to the long axis of the muscle; ex: trapezius
Pennate muscles
,fascicles originate from tendon that runs the length of the entire muscle; has three different patterns:
unipennate (semimembranosus), bipennate (rectus femoris), and multipennate (deltoid)
Fusiform muscles
fascicles lie parallel to the long axis of the muscle. The belly of the muscle is larger in diameter than the
ends; ex: biceps brachii (two-headed) triceps brachii (three-headed)
How muscles are named
1. location
2. Size
3. shape
4. orientation of fascicles
5. origin of insertion
6. number of heads
7. function
Do muscles work as levers, fulcrums or weight?
levers
Class I lever system
fulcrum is between pull and weight (seesaw)
Class II lever system
weight is between the fulcrum and the pull (wheelbarrow)
Class III lever system
Most common in body, pull is between fulcrum and weight (person using shovel)
, Posterior muscles of the neck
longissimus capitis, oblique capitis superior, rectus capitis posterior, semispinalis capitis, splenius capitis,
trapezius
longissimus capitis
insertion: mastoid process
function: extends, rotates, and laterally flexes neck
oblique capitis superior
insertion: occipital bone
function: extends and laterally flexes neck; turns head
rectus capitis posterior
insertion: occipital bone
function: extends and rotates neck; turns head
semispinalis capitis
insertion: occipital bone
function: extends, rotates, and laterally flexes neck
trapezius
insertion: clavicle, acromion process and scapular spine
function: extends and laterally flexes neck
splenius capitis
