MEDSURG EXAM 1 MCPHS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED UPDATED
labs/ S/S of hypovolemia (dehydration)
high BUN, creatinine, H&H
high NA, K, Ca, Mg
high glucose
urine specific gravity >1.030
hypovolemia (dehydration) assessment findings:
mental status changes
high temp, high rr, high hr, low bp
poor PO intake, high salt intake, fluid loss
poor skin turgor
dry mucous membranes
dark, concentrated urine with strong odor
weak peripheral pulses
high laxative use
MONITOR WEIGHT
treatments for hypovolemia (dehydration):
fluids orally or IV route
,medications to treat hypovolemia diarrhea:
anti-diarrheal
medications to treat hypovolemia bacterial diarrhea:
antimicrobials
medications to treat hypovolemia fever:
anti-pyretic
medications to treat hypovolemia vomiting:
anti-nausea
fluid overload assessment findings:
edema, pitting edema
high HR, high RR, high BP
weight gain
crackles in lungs
skin is pale, cool to touch
mental status changes
distended neck & hand veins: engorged veins
headache visual disturbances, skeletal muscle weakness, paresthesia
increased GI motility
enlarged liver
treatment for fluid overload:
, restore normal fluid balance
diuretics at times
what influences electrolyte balance?
normal cell function
diet
acid base balance
hormone secretion
responsibilities of sodium:
regulate fluid CF & ECF
activates nerve and muscle cells
sodium-potassium pump
regulation of sodium:
ADH, aldosterone
what are dietary sources high in sodium?
canned products, cheese, condiments, processed meats, table salts, seasonings, snack foods, seafood,
pickled foods, frozen prepared foods
hyponatremia (low sodium) contributing causes:
prolonged/overuse of diuretics, dietary intake of sodium, impaired kidney function, insensible fluid loss,
pituitary adenoma, hypotonic IV solutions
hyponatremia clinical manifestations:
SEIZURES, fatigue, headache, confusion, nausea, vomiting
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED UPDATED
labs/ S/S of hypovolemia (dehydration)
high BUN, creatinine, H&H
high NA, K, Ca, Mg
high glucose
urine specific gravity >1.030
hypovolemia (dehydration) assessment findings:
mental status changes
high temp, high rr, high hr, low bp
poor PO intake, high salt intake, fluid loss
poor skin turgor
dry mucous membranes
dark, concentrated urine with strong odor
weak peripheral pulses
high laxative use
MONITOR WEIGHT
treatments for hypovolemia (dehydration):
fluids orally or IV route
,medications to treat hypovolemia diarrhea:
anti-diarrheal
medications to treat hypovolemia bacterial diarrhea:
antimicrobials
medications to treat hypovolemia fever:
anti-pyretic
medications to treat hypovolemia vomiting:
anti-nausea
fluid overload assessment findings:
edema, pitting edema
high HR, high RR, high BP
weight gain
crackles in lungs
skin is pale, cool to touch
mental status changes
distended neck & hand veins: engorged veins
headache visual disturbances, skeletal muscle weakness, paresthesia
increased GI motility
enlarged liver
treatment for fluid overload:
, restore normal fluid balance
diuretics at times
what influences electrolyte balance?
normal cell function
diet
acid base balance
hormone secretion
responsibilities of sodium:
regulate fluid CF & ECF
activates nerve and muscle cells
sodium-potassium pump
regulation of sodium:
ADH, aldosterone
what are dietary sources high in sodium?
canned products, cheese, condiments, processed meats, table salts, seasonings, snack foods, seafood,
pickled foods, frozen prepared foods
hyponatremia (low sodium) contributing causes:
prolonged/overuse of diuretics, dietary intake of sodium, impaired kidney function, insensible fluid loss,
pituitary adenoma, hypotonic IV solutions
hyponatremia clinical manifestations:
SEIZURES, fatigue, headache, confusion, nausea, vomiting
