Question 1
Which of the following best describes the analogy between morality and mathematics in
meta-ethics?
a) Morality, like fashion, is subjective and dependent on societal changes.
b) Morality is universally objective and timeless, similar to mathematics.
c) Morality changes over time and is not universally accepted.
d) Morality, like fashion, relies on cultural influence and trends.
Question 2
What distinguishes deduction from induction?
a) Deduction involves accumulating evidence, while induction provides absolute proof.
b) Induction uses specific observations to support general claims; deduction uses general
claims to arrive at specific conclusions.
c) Deduction makes generalizations; induction always offers proof.
d) Both induction and deduction rely on specific observations to prove claims.
Question 3
The doctrine of double effect implies that:
a) We are morally responsible for all consequences of our actions, whether intended or not.
b) Only the intended effects of our actions are morally relevant.
c) All consequences, foreseen or not, must be justified proportionally.
d) Moral responsibility extends to both intended and unintended effects without exception.
Chapter 1: Apply Your Learning – Multiple-Choice Questions
Question 4
Which of the following is an example of confirmation bias?
a) Seeking out evidence that supports a pre-existing belief.
b) Finding multiple viewpoints on a topic.
c) Ignoring data that confirms your assumptions.
d) Accepting classifications without question.
Question 5
What is a likely reason moral intuitions differ in the two versions of the trolley problem?
a) Pulling the lever is indirect, while pushing someone is direct, creating a moral distance.
b) The lever scenario seems arbitrary, while the push scenario has more intention.
c) There is no difference in moral intuition in both scenarios.
d) Both scenarios remove personal responsibility.
True or False Statements
Statement 1
In meta-ethics, comparing morality to mathematics suggests that morality is objective and
universal.
True
, False
Statement 2
The doctrine of double effect suggests we are equally responsible for both intended and
unintended consequences of our actions.
True
False
Chapter 2: Check Your Understanding – Multiple-Choice Questions
Question 1
Which of the following best describes cultural relativism?
a) Moral values are universal and apply to all cultures.
b) Morals differ across cultures, and one culture should not judge another's practices.
c) There are no moral standpoints that apply universally to all people.
d) Morals are based on facts about the world and are not dependent on human decisions.
Question 2
According to cultural relativism, can a person criticize another culture’s morals?
a) No, because all moral views are equally valid.
b) Yes, but only if they practice pseudo-relativism.
c) No, as moral relativism strictly prohibits any criticism of other cultures.
d) Yes, as cultural relativism allows for all types of criticism.
Question 3
Two-level cultural relativism suggests:
a) Moral rules are the same across all societies.
b) There is a universal core of values, but specific practices may vary across cultures.
c) All cultural practices should be accepted without question.
d) Moral standards should be dictated by a higher authority.
Chapter 2: Apply Your Learning – Multiple-Choice Questions
Question 4
Which of the following might make reconciling respect for cultural difference with non-
discrimination challenging?
a) Relativism strictly prohibits any form of discrimination.
b) Modest relativism holds that certain core values, such as non-discrimination, are universal.
c) Cultural traditions should never conflict with individual rights.
d) Pure relativism would require individuals to adhere only to their personal preferences.
Question 5
Geoffrey Tangwa’s stance on circumcision suggests that:
a) Circumcision should be a cultural practice performed on minors.
b) Only adults capable of informed decision-making should undergo circumcision.
c) Circumcision is acceptable for both minors and adults.
d) Cultural practices should always be upheld, regardless of age.
, Question 6
Michelle Moody-Adams criticizes cultural relativism primarily because:
a) It acknowledges the complexity of cultural identity through intersectionality.
b) It oversimplifies by assuming cultures have clear and unified moral views.
c) It supports individual autonomy within cultural practices.
d) It aligns perfectly with universal moral values.
True or False Statements
Statement 1
According to objectivism, moral values are based on facts independent of human practices.
True
False
Statement 2
David Wong’s version of two-level cultural relativism implies that all societies share a core
set of moral values.
True
False
Answers
1. b
2. b
3. b
4. b
5. b
6. b
Statement 1: True
Statement 2: True
Question 1
Which of the following best differentiates sociological determinism from physical
determinism?
a) Sociological determinism is based on physical laws.
b) Physical determinism allows for variations in behavior across individuals.
c) Sociological determinism is less absolute than physical determinism.
d) Physical determinism suggests people are influenced by social structures.
Question 2
According to the Harry Frankfurt thought experiment, how does it relate to moral
responsibility?
Which of the following best describes the analogy between morality and mathematics in
meta-ethics?
a) Morality, like fashion, is subjective and dependent on societal changes.
b) Morality is universally objective and timeless, similar to mathematics.
c) Morality changes over time and is not universally accepted.
d) Morality, like fashion, relies on cultural influence and trends.
Question 2
What distinguishes deduction from induction?
a) Deduction involves accumulating evidence, while induction provides absolute proof.
b) Induction uses specific observations to support general claims; deduction uses general
claims to arrive at specific conclusions.
c) Deduction makes generalizations; induction always offers proof.
d) Both induction and deduction rely on specific observations to prove claims.
Question 3
The doctrine of double effect implies that:
a) We are morally responsible for all consequences of our actions, whether intended or not.
b) Only the intended effects of our actions are morally relevant.
c) All consequences, foreseen or not, must be justified proportionally.
d) Moral responsibility extends to both intended and unintended effects without exception.
Chapter 1: Apply Your Learning – Multiple-Choice Questions
Question 4
Which of the following is an example of confirmation bias?
a) Seeking out evidence that supports a pre-existing belief.
b) Finding multiple viewpoints on a topic.
c) Ignoring data that confirms your assumptions.
d) Accepting classifications without question.
Question 5
What is a likely reason moral intuitions differ in the two versions of the trolley problem?
a) Pulling the lever is indirect, while pushing someone is direct, creating a moral distance.
b) The lever scenario seems arbitrary, while the push scenario has more intention.
c) There is no difference in moral intuition in both scenarios.
d) Both scenarios remove personal responsibility.
True or False Statements
Statement 1
In meta-ethics, comparing morality to mathematics suggests that morality is objective and
universal.
True
, False
Statement 2
The doctrine of double effect suggests we are equally responsible for both intended and
unintended consequences of our actions.
True
False
Chapter 2: Check Your Understanding – Multiple-Choice Questions
Question 1
Which of the following best describes cultural relativism?
a) Moral values are universal and apply to all cultures.
b) Morals differ across cultures, and one culture should not judge another's practices.
c) There are no moral standpoints that apply universally to all people.
d) Morals are based on facts about the world and are not dependent on human decisions.
Question 2
According to cultural relativism, can a person criticize another culture’s morals?
a) No, because all moral views are equally valid.
b) Yes, but only if they practice pseudo-relativism.
c) No, as moral relativism strictly prohibits any criticism of other cultures.
d) Yes, as cultural relativism allows for all types of criticism.
Question 3
Two-level cultural relativism suggests:
a) Moral rules are the same across all societies.
b) There is a universal core of values, but specific practices may vary across cultures.
c) All cultural practices should be accepted without question.
d) Moral standards should be dictated by a higher authority.
Chapter 2: Apply Your Learning – Multiple-Choice Questions
Question 4
Which of the following might make reconciling respect for cultural difference with non-
discrimination challenging?
a) Relativism strictly prohibits any form of discrimination.
b) Modest relativism holds that certain core values, such as non-discrimination, are universal.
c) Cultural traditions should never conflict with individual rights.
d) Pure relativism would require individuals to adhere only to their personal preferences.
Question 5
Geoffrey Tangwa’s stance on circumcision suggests that:
a) Circumcision should be a cultural practice performed on minors.
b) Only adults capable of informed decision-making should undergo circumcision.
c) Circumcision is acceptable for both minors and adults.
d) Cultural practices should always be upheld, regardless of age.
, Question 6
Michelle Moody-Adams criticizes cultural relativism primarily because:
a) It acknowledges the complexity of cultural identity through intersectionality.
b) It oversimplifies by assuming cultures have clear and unified moral views.
c) It supports individual autonomy within cultural practices.
d) It aligns perfectly with universal moral values.
True or False Statements
Statement 1
According to objectivism, moral values are based on facts independent of human practices.
True
False
Statement 2
David Wong’s version of two-level cultural relativism implies that all societies share a core
set of moral values.
True
False
Answers
1. b
2. b
3. b
4. b
5. b
6. b
Statement 1: True
Statement 2: True
Question 1
Which of the following best differentiates sociological determinism from physical
determinism?
a) Sociological determinism is based on physical laws.
b) Physical determinism allows for variations in behavior across individuals.
c) Sociological determinism is less absolute than physical determinism.
d) Physical determinism suggests people are influenced by social structures.
Question 2
According to the Harry Frankfurt thought experiment, how does it relate to moral
responsibility?
